South Asia

South Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of eight countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Afghanistan. It is known for its diverse cultures, languages, and historical significance. The region has a combined population of over 1.8 billion people, making it one of the most populous areas in the world.

Geography

South Asia is characterized by a wide range of geographical features, including the Himalayas, which form the northern boundary, and fertile plains such as the Ganges and Indus river basins. The region also includes coastal areas along the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. This geographical diversity influences climate patterns and agricultural practices across the region.

History

The history of South Asia dates back to ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization (circa 2500 BCE) and the Vedic period. Throughout history, the region has been shaped by numerous empires, including the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal empires. The British colonial period significantly impacted the political landscape, leading to the independence movements of the mid-20th century.