Olawale Muhammed: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox ~~person~~|name=~~Olaniyan Oladele~~{{~~verified~~}}|~~image~~=~~Dubia prince~~.~~pngMuhammed~~|~~given_name~~=~~Oladele~~|~~family_name~~=~~Oladele~~|~~birth_date~~=April 24|~~birth_place~~=~~Ikirun~~, ~~Osun~~ State|~~death_date~~=|~~categories~~=~~Digtal Marketer~~|~~gender~~=~~Male~~|~~nationality~~=~~Nigeria~~|~~occupation~~=~~Freelancer And~~ Network ~~Marketing~~{{~~verified~~}}|~~years_active~~=2024|website=|~~known_for~~=~~Toheeb~~}}

{{About|the dish|the meat served as part of such a dish|Patty|other uses}}

{{Infobox food

| name = Hamburger

| image = RedDot Burger.jpg

| caption = A hamburger with bacon, lettuce, and slices of tomato, served with french fries and a beer

| image_size = 240px

| country = [[Germany]] or [[United States]]

| region =

| creator = Multiple claims ([[#History|see text]])

| course = [[Main course]]

| served = Hot

| main_ingredient = [[Ground meat]], [[bread]]

| alt = A brown meat patty between slices of yellow American cheese, topped with sliced pickles and lettuce, sandwiched in a sesame seed bun

| alternate_name = Burger

}}

A '''hamburger''' (or simply a '''burger''') consists of fillings—usually a [[patty]] of ground meat, typically [[Ground beef|beef]]—placed inside a sliced [[bun]] or [[bread roll]]. The patties are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis with [[condiment]]s such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, [[relish]] or a "special sauce", often a variation of [[Thousand Island dressing]], and are frequently placed on [[Bun|sesame seed buns]]. A hamburger patty topped with cheese is called a [[cheeseburger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://therec.io/the-history-of-the-burger/|title=The history of the burger|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015123905/https://therec.io/the-history-of-the-burger/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under some definitions, and in some cultures, a hamburger is considered a [[sandwich]].

Hamburgers are typically associated with [[fast-food restaurant]]s and [[diner]]s but are also sold at other restaurants, including high-end establishments. There are many international and regional [[List of hamburgers|variations]] of hamburgers. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains feature burgers as one of their core products: [[McDonald's]] [[Big Mac]] and [[Burger King|Burger King's]] [[Whopper]] have become global icons of [[American culture]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rella |first=Emily |date=2021-12-03 |title=Burger King Is Selling Iconic Menu Item for Less Than a Dollar |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/burger-king-is-selling-iconic-menu-item-for-less-than-a/400690 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-30 |title=Big Mac is 50, but McDonald's sticks with aging icon - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-mac-is-50-but-mcdonalds-sticks-with-burger/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Etymology and terminology==

The term ''hamburger'' originally derives from [[Hamburg]], the second-largest city in [[Germany]]; however, a specific connection between the dish and the city is the topic of debates.<ref>{{OEtymD|hamburger|access-date=October 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Barksdale|first=Nate|date=29 August 2014|title=Where Hamburgers Began—and How They Became an Iconic American Food|website=History.com|url=https://www.history.com/news/hamburger-helpers-the-history-of-americas-favorite-sandwich}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Avey|first=Tory|date=24 April 2024|title=Do You Actually Know Where Hamburgers Originated?|website=Parade.com|url=https://parade.com/61481/toriavey/where-did-hamburgers-originate/}}</ref>

By linguistic [[rebracketing]], the term "burger" eventually became a self-standing word that is associated with many different types of [[sandwich]]es that are similar to a hamburger, but contain different meats such as [[American bison|buffalo]] in the [[buffalo burger]], [[venison]], [[Kangaroo meat|kangaroo]], [[chicken burger|chicken]], [[turkey as food|turkey]], [[elk]], [[lamb and mutton|lamb]] or [[fish]] such as [[salmon]] in the [[salmon burger]], and even with meatless sandwiches as is the case of the [[veggie burger]].<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/burger Burger] ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''</ref>

The term ''burger'' can also be applied to a meat patty on its own. Since the term ''hamburger'' usually implies beef, for clarity ''burger'' may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in '''beef burger''', [[Turkey as food|turkey]] burger, [[bison]] burger, or [[Portobello mushroom|portobello]] burger. In most English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast in a bun is a '''chicken burger'''. Americans would call this a ''[[chicken sandwich]]'' because the meat is not ground, whereas in other countries, anything with a bun is considered a ''burger'' and a ''[[sandwich]]'' uses other types of bread (sliced bread, baguette...).<ref name="Unilever" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-30 |title=14 Names Other Countries Have For Food That Will Confuse Every Aussie |url=https://punkee.com.au/australian-food-names-different-other-countries/127082 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Punkee |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Murphy2018">{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Lynne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uh69DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT209|title=The Prodigal Tongue: The Love–Hate Relationship Between British and American English|date=2018-03-29|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78607-270-2|pages=211|language=en|quote=...the British are so particular about sandwiches that they use the word ''less'' than Americans do. In Britain, a '''''sandwich''''' is some filing between two ''slices of bread''. Not a roll. Not a bagel. Not a baguette. Without sliced bread, it's not a sandwich. The American ''sandwich'' prototype is much like the British: savoury filings within two slices of bread. However, American sandwiches are allowed to wander further from the prototype because they interpret the 'bread' requirement more loosely. An American sandwich can be on a roll, on a bagel, on a bun, on a croissant, and at breakfast time, on an English muffin...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-20 |title=Hamburgers usurp classic baguette sandwich in France |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43476542 |access-date=2025-05-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==History==

{{main|History of the hamburger|History of the hamburger in the United States}}

[[File:Hamburg steak.jpg|thumb|[[Hamburg steak]] has been known as "[[Frikadelle]]" in Germany since the 17th century.]]

[[File:Oberhafenkantine (Hamburger Rundstück).jpg|thumb|The "Hamburger Rundstück" was popular already in 1869 and is believed to be a precursor to the modern Hamburger.]]

[[File:Cheeseburger at Louis' Lunch, New Haven.jpg|thumb|Cheeseburger (with onions and tomatoes) at Louis' Lunch, New Haven, Connecticut]]

Versions of the meal have been served for over a century, but its origins are still unclear.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VritIGJ5f48C|title=The Story behind the Dish: Classic American Foods: Classic American Foods|last=McWilliams|first=Mark|date=April 6, 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313385100|language=en}}</ref> The 1758 edition of the book ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' by [[Hannah Glasse]] included a recipe called "Hamburgh sausage", suggesting that it should be served "roasted with toasted bread under it." A similar snack was also popular in Hamburg under the name of "[[Rundstück warm]]" ("bread roll warm") in 1869 or earlier,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11005595?page=83|title=Neuester, vollständiger Führer durch Hamburg, Altona und Umgegend : Mit Berücksichtigung von Kiel, Helgoland, Lübeck und Travemünde. Mit vielen lithogr. Abbildungen u. d. neuesten Plane der Stadt|date=1869|website=Bavarian National Library Archives|publisher=J. F. Richter|location=Hamburg|trans-title=Newest, complete guide to Hamburg, Altona and surroundings. [...]|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> and was supposedly eaten by emigrants on their way to America. However, this may have contained roasted beefsteak rather than [[Frikadelle]]. It has alternatively been suggested that Hamburg steak served between two pieces of bread and eaten by Jewish passengers travelling from Hamburg to New York on [[Hamburg America Line]] vessels (which began operations in 1847) became so well known that the shipping company gave its name to the dish.<ref>[[Arthur L. Herman]] in ''Viking Heart'' {{ISBN|978-1328595904}} p 175.</ref> It is not known which of these stories actually marks the invention of the hamburger and explains the name.

There is a reference to a "[[Hamburg steak]]" as early as 1884 in ''[[The Boston Journal]]''.<sup>[OED, under "steak"]</sup> On July 5, 1896, the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' made a highly specific claim regarding a "hamburger sandwich" in an article about a "Sandwich Car": "A distinguished favorite, only five cents, is Hamburger steak sandwich, the meat for which is kept ready in small patties and 'cooked while you wait' on the gasoline range."<ref name="hamburger1896">{{cite news

| author =

| title = In a 'Sandwich Car'

| url = https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/clip/88784660/hamburger-sandwich-1896/

| work = [[Chicago Tribune]]

| date = 5 July 1896

| access-date = 20 Dec 2022

}}

</ref>

=== Claims of invention ===

The hamburger's origin is unclear, though "hamburger steak sandwiches" have been advertised in U.S. newspapers from New York to Hawaii since at least the 1890s.<ref name="Washington Post" /> The invention of hamburgers is commonly attributed to various people, including Charlie Nagreen, Frank and Charles Menches, Oscar Weber Bilby, Fletcher Davis, or Louis Lassen.<ref name="Origins">Sam Gazdziak (August 1, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040038/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-152420803.html "Giving the BURGER its due: the hamburger's origins are somewhat shrouded in mystery, but there is no doubt as to its impact on American dining habits and culture.(Editorial)."] The National Provisioner. BNP Media.</ref><ref name="Origin2">Nancy Ross Ryan (February 6, 1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040049/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-7049156.html Great American food chronicles: the hamburger. (restaurant marketing)]. Restaurants & Institutions. Reed Business Information, Inc. (US).</ref> [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]] traces the origin of the hamburger to Hamburg, Germany, with its invention by Otto Kuase.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lance Gay |date=April 2, 2004 |url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/4/2/19820803/birth-of-an-icon-hamburger-s-origins-unclear-but-it-became-popular-100-years-ago/ |quote=The White Castle chain traces the hamburger's ancestry back to a German cook named Otto Kuase. |title=Birth of an icon: Hamburger's origins unclear, but it became popular 100 years ago |website=[[Deseret News]] |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=August 11, 2025}}</ref> Some have pointed to a recipe for "Hamburgh sausages" on toasted bread, published in ''The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy'' by Hannah Glasse in 1758.<ref name="Washington Post" /> Hamburgers gained national recognition in the U.S. at the [[1904 St. Louis World's Fair]] when the ''New York Tribune'' referred to the hamburger as "the innovation of a food vendor on the pike."<ref name="Origin2" /> No conclusive argument has ended the dispute over invention. An article from [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] sums up: "One problem is that there is little written history. Another issue is that the burger spread happened largely at the World's Fair, from tiny vendors that came and went instantly. And it is entirely possible that more than one person came up with the idea at the same time in different parts of the country."<ref>{{cite web |author1=Berman, John |author2=Millhon, Drew | url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=2856336 | title=A Major Beef! Who Invented the Hamburger? | publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] | date=February 20, 2007 | access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>

====Louis Lassen====

Although debunked by ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref name="Washington Post">{{Cite news|title=Who invented the hamburger? Biting into the messy history of America's iconic sandwich.|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2021/05/28/hamburger-origin-story/|access-date=2021-12-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> a popular myth recorded by Connecticut Congresswoman [[Rosa DeLauro]] stated the first hamburger served in America was by Louis Lassen, a Danish immigrant, after he opened [[Louis' Lunch]] in [[New Haven]] in 1895.<ref name="James">[[Rosa L. DeLauro]] (2000). [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/CT/200002814.html Louis' Lunch]. the [[Library of Congress]].</ref> Louis' Lunch, a small lunch wagon in [[New Haven, Connecticut]], is said to have sold the first hamburger and [[steak sandwich]] in the U.S. in 1900.<ref>[http://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/ct/es_ct_burger_1.html Louis' Lunch A Local Legacy]. Library of Congress. Americaslibrary.gov. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref><ref>U.S. Library of Congress Folklife Center Local Legacies Project retrieved on April 13, 2009 [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/CT/200002814.html Louis' Lunch A Local Legacy]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020720093345/http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434 About Connecticut]. State of Connecticut official website</ref> ''[[New York Magazine]]'' states that "The dish actually had no name until some rowdy sailors from Hamburg named the meat on a bun after themselves years later", also noting that this claim is subject to dispute.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=New York Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReQCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42|title=Roadfood|author1=Jane Stern|author2=Michael Stern |year = 1977 |page=42 |issn=0028-7369}}</ref> A customer ordered a quick hot meal and Louis was out of steaks. Taking ground beef trimmings, Louis made a patty and grilled it, putting it between two slices of toast.<ref name="Origin2"/> Some critics such as Josh Ozersky, a food editor for ''New York Magazine'', claim that this sandwich was not a hamburger because the bread was toasted.<ref name=Beach />

====Charlie Nagreen====

One of the earliest claims comes from [[Charlie Nagreen]], who in 1885 sold a meatball between two slices of bread at the Seymour Fair<ref name=Harmon /> now sometimes called the Outagamie County Fair.<ref name=Beach>Randall Beach (February 3, 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040055/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25510511.html Louis' Lunch has beef with book claiming it didn't invent the hamburger]. ''New Haven Register'' (New Haven, CT). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.</ref> The Seymour Community Historical Society of [[Seymour, Wisconsin]], credits Nagreen, now known as "Hamburger Charlie", with the invention. Nagreen was 15 when he reportedly sold pork sandwiches at the 1885 Seymour Fair so customers could eat while walking. The Historical Society explains that Nagreen named the hamburger after the Hamburg steak with which local German immigrants were familiar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seymourhistory.org/news/?id=35 |title="Hamburger" Charlie Nagreen |publisher=SeymourHistory.org |access-date=September 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Myron|last=Heuer |title=The real home of the hamburger |url=http://www.herald-journal.com/archives/1998/columns/mh101298.html |work=Herald & Journal |date=October 12, 1999 |access-date=March 24, 2008 }}</ref>

====Otto Kuase====

According to [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]], Otto Kuase was the inventor of the hamburger. In 1891, he created a beef patty cooked in butter and topped with a fried egg. German sailors later omitted the fried egg.<ref name=Origin2 />

====Oscar Weber Bilby====

The family of Oscar Weber Bilby claims the first-known hamburger on a bun was served on July 4, 1891, on Grandpa Oscar's farm. The bun was a yeast bun.<ref>{{cite book|first=Josh|last=Ozersky |title=The Hamburger: A History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MjP0Jf2DGkEC&pg=PT19 |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-15125-1 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=John T. Edge |title=Hamburgers & Fries: An American Story |url=https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge |url-access=registration |year=2005 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |isbn=978-0-399-15274-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge/page/22 22]}}</ref><ref name="amhistory"/> In 1995, Governor [[Frank Keating]] proclaimed that the first true hamburger on a bun was created and consumed in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]] in 1891, calling Tulsa, "The Real Birthplace of the Hamburger".<ref>[http://webersrootbeer.net/index.html Welcome To Weber's Superior Root Beer and Grill] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114150801/http://webersrootbeer.net/index.html |date=January 14, 2013 }}. Webersrootbeer.net (April 13, 1995). Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref>

====Frank and Charles Menches====

[[File:NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg|thumb|right|A bacon cheeseburger from a New York City diner]]

Frank and Charles Menches claim to have sold a ground beef sandwich at the Erie County Fair in 1885 in [[Hamburg, New York]].<ref name=Beach /> During the fair, they ran out of pork sausage for their sandwiches and substituted beef.<ref name=Harmon /> The brothers exhausted their supply of sausage, so they purchased chopped-up beef from a butcher, Andrew Klein. Historian Joseph Streamer wrote that the meat was from Stein's market, not Klein's, despite Stein's having sold the market in 1874.<ref name=Harmon /> The story notes that the name of the hamburger comes from Hamburg, New York, not Hamburg, Germany.<ref name=Harmon /> Frank Menches's obituary in ''[[The New York Times]]'' states that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in [[Akron, Ohio]].<ref>"Obituary: Charles Menches." The New York Times. October 5, 1951.</ref>

====Fletcher Davis====

Fletcher Davis of [[Athens, Texas]] claimed to have invented the hamburger. According to oral histories, in the 1880s, he opened a lunch counter in Athens and served a 'burger' of fried ground beef patties with mustard and Bermuda onion between two slices of bread, with a pickle on the side.<ref name="Origin2"/> The story is that in 1904, Davis and his wife Ciddy ran a sandwich stand at the St. Louis World's Fair.<ref name="Origin2"/> Historian Frank X. Tolbert noted that Athens resident Clint Murchison said his grandfather dated the hamburger to the 1880s with Fletcher "Old Dave" Davis.<ref name=Harmon>John E. Harmon [http://web.ccsu.edu/faculty/harmonj/atlas/atlasf.html "The Better Burger Battle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606114631/http://web.ccsu.edu/faculty/harmonj/atlas/atlasf.html |date=June 6, 2013 }}, in ''Atlas of Popular Culture in the Northeastern United States''.</ref> A photo of "Old Dave's Hamburger Stand" from 1904 was sent to Tolbert as evidence of the claim.<ref name=Harmon />

====Other hamburger-steak claims====

Various non-specific claims of the invention relate to the term "hamburger steak" without mention of its being a sandwich. The first printed American menu listing hamburgers is an 1834 menu from [[Delmonico's]] in New York.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Louis E. |last1=Grivetti |first2=Jan L. |last2=Corlett |first3=Bertram M. |last3=Gordon |first4=Cassius T. |last4=Lockett |date=January–February 2004 |title=Food in American History, Part 6-Beef (Part 1): Reconstruction and Growth Into the 20th Century (1865–1910) |journal=Nutrition Today |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=18–25 |pmid=15076706 |doi=10.1097/00017285-200401000-00006|issn=0029-666X}}</ref> However, the printer of the original menu was not in business in 1834.<ref name="amhistory">{{cite web|url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/HamburgerHistory.htm|title=What's cooking America: History of the Hamburger|first=Matthew|last=Preusch|date=October 26, 2007 }}</ref> In 1889, a menu from Walla Walla Union in Washington offered hamburger steak as a menu item.<ref name="Origin2"/>

Between 1871 and 1884, "Hamburg Beefsteak" was on the "Breakfast and Supper Menu" of the Clipper Restaurant at 311/313 Pacific Street in [[San Fernando, California]]. It cost 10 cents—the same price as mutton chops, pig's feet in batter, and stewed veal. It was not, however, on the dinner menu. Only "Pig's Head", "Calf Tongue", and "Stewed Kidneys" were listed.<ref>Roger M. Grace (January 15, 2004). [http://www.metnews.com/articles/2004/reminiscing011504.htm Old Menus Tell the History of Hamburgers in L.A.] metnews.com.</ref> Another claim ties the hamburger to Summit County, New York, or Ohio. Summit County, Ohio, exists, but Summit County, New York, does not.<ref name=Harmon />

===Early major vendors===

{{See also|White Castle (restaurant)#History|l1=History of White Castle|History of McDonald's}}

[[File:McD_Big_Mac.png|thumb|right|[[McDonald's]] [[Big Mac]]]]

* 1921: [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]], [[Wichita, Kansas]]. Due to books by Upton Sinclair and Arthur Kallet discrediting the cleanliness and nutritional value of ground beef, hamburger meat was unpopular with families until the White Castle restaurant chain took it upon themselves to market the cleanliness and quality of their food through scientific studies and preparing the food in full view of customers with spotlessly clean buildings. They also reported in local newspapers how they carefully selected their meat, and opened the "Food Experiment Department" as a test kitchen and quality-control laboratory.<ref name="SBS"/> They marketed and sold large numbers of small {{convert|2+1/2|in|mm|order=flip|round=5|abbr=on}} square hamburger sandwiches, known as sliders and created five holes in each patty, which helped them cook evenly and eliminated the need to flip the burger. In 1995, White Castle began selling frozen hamburgers in convenience stores and vending machines.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.answers.com/topic/white-castle-system-inc | title=Hoover's Company Profiles: White Castle System, Inc.|publisher=[[Answers.com]]}}</ref>

* 1923: [[Kewpee Hamburgers]], or Kewpee Hotels, [[Flint, Michigan]]. Kewpee was the second hamburger chain and peaked at 400 locations before [[World War II]]. Many of these were licensed but not strictly franchised. Many closed during WWII. Between 1955 and 1967, another wave of restaurants closed or changed names. In 1967, the Kewpee licensor moved the company to a franchise system. Currently, only five locations exist.

* 1926: [[White Tower Hamburgers]]

* 1927: [[Little Tavern]]

* 1932: [[Krystal (restaurant)|Krystal]]<ref name="SBS">{{cite book |last=Hogan |first=David Gerard |year=1997 |title=Selling 'Em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PT6s4ZbznHMC&q=Samuel+V.+Blair+Kewpee&pg=PA50 |edition=1st |publisher=NYU Press |pages=52–55 |isbn=978-0814735671 |access-date=June 4, 2008}}</ref>

* 1936: [[Big Boy Restaurants|Big Boy]]. In 1937, Bob Wian created the double-deck hamburger at his stand in Glendale, California. Big Boy would become the name of the hamburger, mascot, and restaurant. Big Boy expanded nationally through regional franchising and subfranchising. Primarily operating as drive-in restaurants in the 1950s, interior dining gradually replaced curb service by the early 1970s. Many franchises have closed or operated independently, but the Big Boy double-deck hamburger remains the signature item at the remaining American restaurants.

* 1940: [[McDonald's]] restaurant, [[San Bernardino, California]], was opened by [[Richard and Maurice McDonald]]. Their introduction of the "[[Speedee|Speedee Service System]]" in 1948 established the principles of the modern [[fast-food restaurant]]. The McDonald brothers began franchising in 1953. In 1961, [[Ray Kroc]] (the supplier of their multi-mixer milkshake machines) purchased the company from the brothers for $2.7 million and a 1.9% royalty.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1984/01/15/mcdonalds-chief-ray-kroc-dies/5c5007d4-9cad-4fad-8a7f-08b8a785a33b/|title=Ray Kroc Dies - McDonald's company history|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>

==In the United States==

[[File:Flickr XP-ert 489502412--Cheeseburgers on grill.jpg|thumb|Hamburger preparation in a fast food establishment]] [[File:Fat "L" Half Pound Burger at home.jpg|thumb|A hamburger with fries bought as take-away, with the hamburger and the fries in separate containers]]

Hamburgers are often a feature of [[fast food]] [[restaurant]]s. In the United States, the hamburger patties served by major fast food chains are usually mass-produced in factories and frozen for delivery to the site.<ref>For references, see the literature review in William O. Giles "Method for preparing hamburger patties" {{US Patent|5484625}} issued January 16, 1996.</ref> These hamburgers are thin and of uniform thickness, differing from the traditional American hamburger prepared in homes and conventional restaurants, which is thicker and prepared by hand from [[ground beef]]. Most American hamburgers are round, but some fast-food chains, such as [[Wendy's]], sell square-cut hamburgers. Hamburgers in fast food restaurants are usually grilled on a flat top, but some firms, such as [[Burger King]], use a gas flame grilling process. At conventional American restaurants, hamburgers may be ordered "rare" but normally are served medium-well or well-done for food safety reasons. Fast food restaurants do not usually offer this option.

The McDonald's fast-food chain sells the [[Big Mac]], one of the world's top-selling hamburgers, with an estimated 550 million sold annually in the United States.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-mac-hits-the-big-4-0/ Big Mac Hits The Big 4-0], [[CBS News]], February 11, 2009.</ref> Other major fast-food chains, including [[Burger King]] (also known as [[Hungry Jack's]] in Australia), [[A&W Restaurants|A&W]], [[Culver's]], [[Whataburger]], [[Carl's Jr.]]/[[Hardee's]] chain, [[Wendy's]] (known for their square patties), [[Jack in the Box]], [[Krystal (restaurant)|Krystal]], [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]], [[Cook Out (restaurant)|Cook Out]], [[Harvey's]], [[Hesburger]], [[Supermac's]], [[Shake Shack]], [[In-N-Out Burger]], [[Five Guys]], [[Fatburger]], Vera's, [[Burgerville]], [[Back Yard Burgers]], [[Lick's Homeburger]], [[Roy Rogers Restaurants|Roy Rogers]], [[Smashburger (restaurant chain)|Smashburger]], and [[Sonic Drive-In|Sonic]] also rely heavily on hamburger sales. [[Fuddruckers]] and [[Red Robin]] are hamburger chains that specialize in the mid-tier "restaurant-style" variety of hamburgers.

Some restaurants offer elaborate hamburgers using expensive cuts of meat and various cheeses, toppings, and sauces. One example is the [[Bobby's Burger Palace]] chain founded by well-known chef and [[Food Network]] star [[Bobby Flay]].

Hamburgers are often served as a fast dinner, picnic, or party food and are often cooked outdoors on barbecue grills.

A high-quality hamburger patty is made entirely of ground (minced) beef and seasonings; these may be described as "all-beef hamburger" or "all-beef patties" to distinguish them from inexpensive hamburgers made with cost-savers like added [[flour]], [[textured vegetable protein]], [[Pink Slime|ammonia treated defatted beef trimmings]] (which the company [[Beef Products]] Inc, calls "lean finely textured beef"),<ref name="Anatomy of a Burger">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/10/04/us/20090917-meat.html |work=The New York Times |title=Anatomy of a Burger |date=October 4, 2009 |access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Moss">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/04/health/04meat.html |work=The New York Times |title=The Burger That Shattered Her Life |first=Michael|last=Moss |date=October 3, 2009 |access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> [[advanced meat recovery]], or other [[meat extenders|fillers]]. In the 1930s, ground [[liver (food)|liver]] was sometimes added. Some cooks prepare their patties with binders like [[Egg (food)|eggs]] or [[breadcrumb]]s. Seasonings may include salt and pepper and others like [[parsley]], onions, [[soy sauce]], [[Thousand Island dressing]], [[French onion soup|onion soup]] mix, or [[Worcestershire sauce]]. Many name-brand [[seasoned salt]] products are also used.

=== Cost ===

According to [[Bloomberg News]], the average price of a fast-food restaurant burger in the United States increased by 16% between 2019 and 2024, reaching $8.41 in the second quarter of 2024. Specifically, the iconic Big Mac at McDonald's cost $5.29 during the same period, representing a 21% price increase over the same five-year span.<ref>{{cite web | last=Shanker | first=Deena | title=The End of the Cheap Burger | website=Bloomberg.com | date=2024-09-26 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-26/mcdonald-s-faces-the-end-of-the-cheap-burger-era-as-prices-rise-sales-drop | access-date=2024-09-29}}</ref>

===Safety===

Raw hamburgers may contain harmful bacteria that can produce food-borne illnesses such as [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|''Escherichia coli'' O157:H7]], due to the occasional initial improper preparation of the meat, so caution is needed during handling and cooking. Because of the potential for food-borne illness, the [[USDA]], recommends hamburgers be cooked to an internal temperature of {{convert|160|F}}.<ref name=USDA>{{cite web |url=https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat/ground-beef-and-food-safety |title=Ground Beef and Food Safety|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> If cooked to this temperature, they are considered [[well-done]].<ref>[http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/news/1998/colorpr.htm USDA Urges Consumers To Use Food Thermometer When Cooking Ground Beef Patties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903093259/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/news/1998/colorpr.htm |date=September 3, 2009 }}. United States Department of Agriculture Safety and Inspection Service Media Communications Office, August 11, 1998.</ref>

==Variations==

===Other meats===

Around the world, burgers can also be made with meat other than beef.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Orange Coast Magazine|journal = Orange Coast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA254|date=May 2007|publisher=Emmis Communications|page=254|issn=0279-0483}}</ref> Here is a non-exhautive list of alternatives:

* [[turkey as food|Turkey]] burger

* Chicken burger:

** [[chicken (food)|Chicken]] breast (marinated or not)

** [[Fried chicken]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicken burger recipes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/chicken_burger |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=BBC Food |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nagi |date=2023-09-29 |title=Henry's Crispy Fried Chicken Burger |url=https://www.recipetineats.com/crispy-fried-chicken-burger/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=RecipeTin Eats |language=en-US}}</ref>

** Ground chicken meat

** Pulled chicken <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulled Chicken Burger & Frites Maison - Recette |url=https://lescommis.com/recettes/burger-pulled-barbecue-chicken/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=lescommis.com |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HelloFresh |date=2021-01-15 |title=Pulled Chicken Burgers, Wedges & Salad Recipe |url=https://www.hellofresh.co.uk/recipes/pulled-chicken-burgers-600192d28c1e0a385b12c266 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=HelloFresh |language=en-GB}}</ref>

* Buffalo burger ([[American Bison|bison]] meat)

* Ostrich burger

* Deer burger ''(''[[venison]] from [[deer]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,1318965,00.html|title=Highland schools get Bambi burgers|journal=The Guardian | location=London | first=Gerard| last=Seenan | date=October 4, 2004 | access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref>)

* [[Pulled pork]] burger <ref>{{Cite web |last=Genossenschaft |first=Schweizer Milchproduzenten SMP |title=Pulled pork burger (burger de porc effiloché) - Rezept |url=https://www.swissmilk.ch/fr/recettes-idees/recettes/SM2018_CHDO_17/pulled-pork-burger-burger-de-porc-effiloche/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Swissmilk |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HelloFresh |date=2023-03-07 |title=Le PPB : Pulled Pork Burger Recette |url=https://www.hellofresh.fr/recipes/le-ppb-pulled-pork-burger-64073dbbdf6297bb5beef24b |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=HelloFresh |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulled Pork Burger parfaitement préparé - Viande Suisse |url=https://viandesuisse.ch/recettes/pulled-pork-burger-parfaitement-prepare |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=viandesuisse.ch |language=fr}}</ref>

* [[Duck confit]] burger <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chefs |first=L'atelier des |title=Recette Burger du Sud-Ouest au confit de canard, fondue de brebis et mesclun |url=https://www.atelierdeschefs.fr/recettes/27035/burger-du-sud-ouest-au-confit-de-canard-fondue-de-brebis-et-mesclun/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=www.atelierdeschefs.fr |language=fr}}</ref>

* Lamb burger <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burger d'agneau avec bacon et fromage de chèvre |url=https://lecoupdegrace.ca/recette/hamburger-dagneau-avec-bacon-et-fromage-de-chevre/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Le Coup de Grâce |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rye |first=Jennine |date=2022-02-08 |title=Best Lamb Burger Recipe |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/743937/best-lamb-burger-recipe/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}</ref>

* Veal burger

Note that in the USA the meat has to be ground for those sandwiches to be considered as "burgers".

=== Fish burgers ===

Burgers can also be made with fish, usually fried or breaded/flaked, as a replacement from the meat. A simple example is MacDonald's fish burger [[Filet-O-Fish]].

Options include salmon, cod or hake.

===Veggie burgers===

[[File:Impossible Burger - Gott's Roadside- 2018 - Stierch.jpg|thumb|The vegan [[Impossible Burger]]]]

Vegetarian and vegan burgers can be formed from a [[meat analogue]], a meat substitute such as [[tofu]], [[textured vegetable protein|TVP]], [[seitan]] (wheat gluten), [[quorn]], beans, grains or an assortment of vegetables, ground up and mashed into patties.

Vegetable patties have existed in various [[Eurasian]] cuisines for millennia and are a commonplace item in [[Indian cuisine]].

In the 1900s, some companies began making soy-based burgers, including the [[Boca Burger]] and [[Lightlife]]. Other producers entered business with new burgers in the 2000s, including [[Gardein]], [[Impossible Foods]], [[Beyond Meat]], and Meati. These products are primarily made of peas, soy, mushrooms, yeast, beans, and/or nuts.

=== Steak burgers ===

[[File:Steak burger with cheese and onion rings.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A steak burger with cheese and onion rings]]

In the United States, a '''steak burger''' is a marketing term for a hamburger claimed to be of superior quality.<ref>Ronald R. Butters, "Trademark linguistics: Trademarks: Language that one owns," in Malcolm Coulthard, Alison Johnson, ''The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics'', p. 360</ref><ref>George Motz, ''Hamburger America'', 2011 {{isbn|0762440708}}, p. 17, 41</ref><ref>Thomas Riggs, ''Encyclopedia of major marketing campaigns'', '''2''':456</ref> Elsewhere, it is a burger containing a [[steak]].

Use of the term "steakburger" dates to the 1920s in the United States.<ref name="Perry"/> In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. "Gus" Belt, the founder of [[Steak 'n Shake]], devised a higher-quality hamburger and offered it as a "steakburger" to customers at the company's first location in [[Normal, Illinois]].<ref name="LR66">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oq80iaT38k4C&pg=PA210|title=Legendary Route 66|page=210|isbn=9781616731236|last1=Michael Karl Witzel|first1=Gyvel Young-Witzel|year=2007|publisher=Voyageur Press }}</ref> This burger used a combination of ground meat from the strip portion of [[T-bone steak]] and [[sirloin steak]] in its preparation.<ref name="LR66"/> Steakburgers are a primary menu item at [[Steak 'n Shake]] restaurants,<ref name="LR66"/> and the company's registered [[trademark]]s included "original steakburger" and "famous for steakburgers".<ref name="AFDLD"/> Steak 'n Shake's "Prime Steakburgers" are now made of [[Beef carcass classification|choice grade]] brisket and chuck.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.steaknshake.com/|title=Steak n Shake | Steakburger & Homemade Milkshakes|website=www.steaknshake.com}}</ref>

[[Beef]] is typical, although other meats such as lamb and pork may also be used.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZARABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT6|title=Be Your Own Burger King|publisher=PJ Group|page=14|last=Stone|first=Martha|date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> The meat is ground<ref name="Croft">{{cite web | url=http://www.indystar.com/story/life/2014/10/09/make-great-steak-burger/16911277/ | title=Make your own great steak burger | work=[[The Indianapolis Star]]| date=October 9, 2014 | access-date=October 9, 2014 | author=Croft, Sara}}</ref> or chopped.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/savoirfarelondon0000loui|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/savoirfarelondon0000loui/page/14 14]|title=London|publisher=New York Review of Books|isbn=9781892145659|last1=Louie|first1=Elaine|year=2008}}</ref>

In other places - including Australia and New Zealand - a steak burger contains a whole steak, not ground meat.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://outbackjoe.com/macho-divertissement/australian-places-and-general-travel/steak-sandwich/ | title=Steak Sandwich Around Australia | work=Outback Joe | access-date=July 18, 2017| date=April 2012 }}</ref>

Steak burgers may be cooked to various [[Doneness|degrees of doneness]].<ref name="Kearney"/>

Steakburgers may be served with standard hamburger toppings such as lettuce, onion, and tomato.<ref name="Kearney">{{cite web | url=http://www.chron.com/entertainment/restaurants-bars/article/One-great-dish-Signature-Steak-Burger-at-La-Casa-5449167.php | title=One great dish: Signature Steak Burger at La Casa del Caballo | work=[[Houston Chronicle]]| date=May 2, 2014 | access-date=October 9, 2014 | author=Kearney, Syd}}</ref> Some may have various additional toppings such as cheese,<ref name="Kearney"/> bacon, fried egg, mushrooms,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Efo_YpMVL0C&pg=PA99 | title=The Little Black Book of Burgers | publisher=Peter Pauper Press, Inc. | page=99 | isbn=978-1441300409}}</ref> additional meats,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdgfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|title=Hamburger America|pages=41–42|isbn=9780762440702|last1=Motz|first1=George|date=May 10, 2011|publisher=Running Press }}</ref> and others.

[[File:Burger King Angus Bacon & Cheese Steak Burger.jpg|thumb|A [[Burger King]] bacon and cheese steak burger]]

Various fast food outlets and restaurants {{mdashb}} such as [[Burger King]], [[Carl's Jr.]], [[Hardee's]], [[IHOP]], [[Steak 'n Shake]], [[Mr. Steak]], and [[Freddy's]] {{mdashb}} market steak burgers.<ref name="Perry"/><ref name="AFDLD">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3imY6hdVgQC&pg=PA109|title=Annual Franchise and Distribution Law Developments|pages=109–110|isbn=9781590314319|last1=Brimer|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Smith-Porter|first2=Leslie|year=2005|publisher=American Bar Association }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20-IA3|title=Life|page=83|date=November 10, 1967}}</ref><ref name="ARDBCL">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4OZCKtzM3ZkC&pg=PA1075|title=Annual Review of Developments in Business and Corporate Litigation|pages=1075–1076|isbn=9781590315460|year=2006|publisher=American Bar Association }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70vSvQwG4vAC&pg=PA186|title=Inventory|page=186|isbn=9781439109892|author=A.V. Club|date=October 13, 2009|publisher=Simon and Schuster }}</ref> Some restaurants offer high-end burgers prepared from [[Beef aging|aged]] beef.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8vhbo4so_0C&pg=PA80|title=Serious Eats|pages=80–81|isbn=9780307720870|last1=Levine|first1=Ed|date=November 2011|publisher=Clarkson Potter }}</ref> Additionally, many restaurants have used the term "steakburger" at various times.<ref name="ARDBCL"/>

Some [[baseball park]]s concessions in the United States call their hamburgers steak burgers, such as [[Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium]] in [[Omaha, Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhNkcSYS1OwC&pg=PA96|title=Brit at the Ballpark|page=97|isbn=9780786486472|last1=Taylor|first1=Peter|date=August 31, 2011|publisher=McFarland }}</ref>

Burger King introduced the [[Burger King premium burgers#Sirloin Steak sandwich|Sirloin Steak sandwich]] in 1979 as part of a menu expansion that, in turn, was part of a corporate restructuring effort for the company.<ref name="Perry"/> It was a single oblong [[patty]] made of chopped steak served on a sub-style sesame seed roll.<ref>{{cite AV media |year=1979 |title=Specialty Sandwich commercial |medium=Television commercial}}</ref><ref name="HBR-BK">{{cite magazine |last1=Sasser |first1=W. Earl Jr.|last2=Rikert |first2=David C. |title=Burger King Corp. |url=http://hbr.org/product/burger-king-corp/an/681045-PDF-ENG |magazine=Harvard Business Review |access-date=November 25, 2013 |location=Cambridge, MA |date=February 27, 1996}}</ref> Additional steak burgers that Burger King has offered are the Angus Bacon Cheddar Ranch Steak Burger, the Angus Bacon & Cheese Steak Burger, and a limited edition Stuffed Steakhouse Burger.<ref name="Perry">{{cite web |last1=Perry |first1=Catherine D. |author-link1=Catherine D. Perry |title=Memorandum and Order: The Steak 'n Shake Company vs. The Burger King Corporation, Case No. 4:04CV525 CDP |url=https://ecf.moed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/STEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF |date=July 7, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928003530/https://ecf.moed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/STEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |publisher=[[United States District Court]], Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division |access-date=June 26, 2024 }} [https://casetext.com/case/steak-n-shake-company-v-burger-king-corporation (July 7, 2004) 323 F. Supp.2d 983 (E.D. Mo. 2004)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121071734/https://casetext.com/case/steak-n-shake-company-v-burger-king-corporation |date=November 21, 2022 }}</ref>

In 2004, [[Steak 'n Shake]] sued [[Burger King]] over the latter's use of the term ''Steak Burger'' in conjunction with one of its menu items, claiming that such use infringed on trademark rights.<ref name=StL>{{cite news|author=Peter Shinkle|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=June 16, 2004|at=Metro|title=Burger battle heats up in court}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.gainesville.com/article/20040602/BUSINESS/40601034 | title=Steak 'n Shake sues Burger King over use of "steakburger" phrase | work=[[The Florida Times-Union]] | date=June 2, 2004 | access-date=February 22, 2015 | agency=[[Associated Press]] | archive-date=February 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225221307/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20040602/BUSINESS/40601034 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

(According to the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', Burger King's attorneys "grilled" Steak 'n Shake's CEO in court about the precise content of Steak 'n Shake's steakburger offering.)<ref name=StL/> The case was settled out of court.<ref>[https://advance.lexis.com/api/permalink/d90958d8-a18d-4958-8efc-cd019b8a72fd/?context=1519217 4:04cv525, Steak N Shake Company et al v. Burger King Corporation] CourtLink docket.</ref>

===United States and Canada===

{{See also|Cheeseburger|Chili burger|History of the hamburger in the United States}}

[[File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Burger.jpg|thumb|right|A hamburger served in New York with [[arugula]] on a [[ciabatta]] roll]]

[[File:A party tray of sliders at a restaurant.jpg|thumb|right|Miniature hamburgers ("[[slider (sandwich)|sliders]]")

]]

The hamburger is considered a national dish of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 13, 2011|title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 14, 2016|access-date=August 8, 2020|website=Travel|language=en}}</ref> In the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], burgers may be classified as two main types: fast food hamburgers and individually prepared burgers made in homes and [[restaurant]]s. The latter are often prepared with a variety of toppings, including [[lettuce]], [[tomato]], [[onion]], and often sliced [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]] (or pickle relish). [[French fries]] (or commonly [[Poutine]] in Canada) often accompany the burger. [[Cheese]] (usually [[processed cheese|processed cheese slices]] but often [[Cheddar cheese|Cheddar]], [[Swiss cheese (North America)|Swiss]], [[pepper jack]], or [[blue cheese|blue]]), either melted directly on the meat patty or crumbled on top, is generally an option.

[[Condiment]]s might be added to a hamburger or may be offered separately on the side, including [[ketchup]], [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]], [[mayonnaise]], [[relish]], salad dressings and [[barbecue sauce]]. Other toppings can include [[bacon]], [[avocado]] or [[guacamole]], sliced sautéed [[Edible mushroom|mushrooms]], cheese sauce, [[chili con carne|chili]] (usually without [[bean]]s), [[fried egg]], [[scrambled egg]], [[feta cheese]], [[blue cheese]], [[salsa (sauce)|salsa]], [[pineapple]], [[jalapeño]]s and other kinds of [[chili pepper]]s, [[Anchovy (food)|anchovies]], slices of [[ham]] or [[Bologna sausage|bologna]], [[pastrami]] or [[teriyaki]]-seasoned beef, [[tartar sauce]], [[french fries]], [[onion ring]]s or [[potato chip]]s.

* Standard hamburger toppings may depend on location, particularly at restaurants that are not national or regional franchises.

* Restaurants may offer hamburgers with multiple meat patties. The most common variants are double and triple hamburgers, but California-based burger chain [[In-N-Out]] once sold a sandwich with one hundred patties, called a "100x100".<ref name="100x100">{{cite web|title=How Much Does A 100x100 In-N-Out Cheeseburger Cost?|url=http://robertkaplinsky.com/work/in-n-out-100-x-100/|website=Robert Kaplinsky|date=September 6, 2013 }}</ref>

* Pastrami burgers may be served in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]].<ref>{{cite news |author=John T. Edge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/dining/29united.html |title=Pastrami Meets the Patty in Utah |work=The New York Times |date=July 29, 2009}}</ref>

* A [[patty melt]] consists of a patty, [[sautéed]] onions and cheese between two slices of [[rye bread]]. The sandwich is then buttered and fried.

* A [[slider (sandwich)|slider]] is a tiny square hamburger patty served on an equally small bun and usually sprinkled with diced onions. According to the earliest citations, the name originated aboard [[U.S. Navy]] ships due to how greasy burgers slid across the galley grill as the ship pitched and rolled.<ref>[http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/slider_or_slyder_mini_hamburger/ Slider or Slyder (mini-hamburger)]. ''[[Barry Popik]]'', February 14, 2008.</ref><ref>Keith Plocek (February 21, 2008). [http://blogs.houstonpress.com/eating/2008/02/sliders_rollers_and_monkey_dic.php Sliders, Rollers and Monkey Dicks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316145506/http://blogs.houstonpress.com/eating/2008/02/sliders_rollers_and_monkey_dic.php |date=March 16, 2008 }}. ''Houston Press''.</ref> Other versions claim the term "slider" originated from the hamburgers served by flight line galleys at military airfields, which were so greasy they slid right through one, or because their small size allowed them to "slide" right down the throat in one or two bites.

* In [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], a "kubie burger" is a hamburger made with a pressed Ukrainian sausage ([[kubasa]]).<ref>The Canadian Oxford Dictionary has headwords for the Canadianisms "[[kubasa]]," "kubie" (as a [[hot dog]]), and "kubie burger," the latter two being specific to [[Alberta]].</ref>

* A [[butter burger]], found commonly throughout [[Wisconsin]] and the upper midwest, is a normal burger with a pad of butter as a topping or a heavily buttered bun. It is the signature menu item of the restaurant chain [[Culver's]].<ref name="16_Regional_Burgers">[https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/16-regional-american-burgers-juicy-lucy-butter-burger-and-more 16 Regional American Burgers], April 7th, 2021</ref>

* The [[Fat Boy (hamburger)|Fat Boy]] is an iconic hamburger with chili meat sauce originating in the Greek burger restaurants of [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]<ref>{{cite web|title=How the Fat Boy burger became a Winnipeg icon|publisher=CBC.ca|accessdate=May 14, 2021|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/fat-boy-burger-winnipeg-icon-1.5344645}}</ref>

* In [[Minnesota]], a "[[Jucy Lucy|Juicy Lucy]]" (also spelled "Jucy Lucy"), is a hamburger having cheese inside the meat patty rather than on top. A piece of cheese is surrounded by raw meat and cooked until it melts, resulting in a molten core within the patty. This scalding hot cheese tends to gush out at the first bite, so servers frequently instruct customers to let the sandwich cool for a few minutes before consumption.

* A [[low-carb]] burger is a hamburger served without a bun and replaced with large slices of lettuce, with mayonnaise or mustard being the sauces primarily used.<ref>[http://www.carlsjr.com/menu/charbroiled-burgers/the-low-carb-six-dollar-burger/ The Low Carb Six Dollar Burger | Carl's Jr. Menu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002161407/http://www.carlsjr.com/menu/charbroiled-burgers/the-low-carb-six-dollar-burger/ |date=October 2, 2010 }}. Carlsjr.com. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hardees.com/menu/indulge |title=Low Carb, Vegetarian, Gluten-Sensitive* & Low Fat Options at Hardee's |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114003438/http://www.hardees.com/menu/indulge |archive-date=January 14, 2010 }}. hardees.com</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Healthy Carb Cookbook For Dummies|first=Jan|last=McCracken|page=294|isbn=978-0-7645-8476-3|year=2005|publisher=[[For Dummies]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cEL5UVDOdJAC&q=low+carb+burger+lettuce&pg=PA294}}</ref>

* A ramen burger, invented by Keizo Shimamoto, is a hamburger patty sandwiched between two discs of compressed ramen noodles in lieu of a traditional bun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2013/08/21/move-over-cronut-the-new-ramen-burger-has-new-yorkers-in-a-foodie-frenzy/|title=Move over, Cronut! The new Ramen Burger has New Yorkers in a foodie frenzy.|work=[[New York Post]]|date=August 21, 2013}}</ref>

* [[Luther Burger]] is a bacon cheeseburger with two glazed doughnuts instead of buns.<ref name="16_Regional_Burgers" />

* [[Steamed cheeseburger]] is a cheeseburger in which the burger is steamed instead of grilled. It was invented in Connecticut.<ref name="16_Regional_Burgers" />

=== France ===

In 2012, according to a study by the NDP cabinet, the French consume 14 hamburgers in restaurants per year per person, placing them fourth in the world and second in Europe, just behind the British.<ref>{{cite web|title=Les Français, deuxièmes plus gros consommateurs de hamburgers en Europe|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/saveurs/les-francais-deuxiemes-plus-gros-consommateurs-de-hamburgers-en-europe_1138906.html|author=Audrey Parfait|website=www.lexpress.fr|date=July 16, 2012}}.</ref>

According to a study by Gira Conseil on the consumption of hamburgers in France in 2013, 75% of traditional French restaurants offer at least one hamburger on their menu, and for a third of these restaurants, it has become the leader in the range of dishes, ahead of rib steaks, grills or fish.<ref>{{cite web|title=Le burger détrône le sandwich jambon-beurre|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2014/02/06/1812088-le-burger-detrone-le-sandwich-jambon-beurre.html|website=www.ladepeche.fr|date=February 6, 2014}}.</ref>

===Mexico===

In Mexico, burgers (called ''hamburguesas'') are served with [[ham]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jeremy|last=Schwartz |title=Uncovering Mexico: Best of times, worst of times: Celebrating the 100th |url=http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/mexico/entries/2007/08/27/im_sure_youve_all_been_1.html |access-date=December 18, 2010 |newspaper=[[Statesman.com]] |date=August 27, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102102321/http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/mexico/entries/2007/08/27/im_sure_youve_all_been_1.html |archive-date=November 2, 2007 }}</ref> and slices of [[American cheese]] fried on top of the meat patty. The toppings include [[avocado]], [[jalapeño]] slices, shredded [[lettuce]], [[onion]], and [[tomato]]. The bun has [[mayonnaise]], [[ketchup]], and [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]]. [[Bacon]] may also be added, which can be fried or grilled along with the meat patty. A slice of [[pineapple]] may be added to a hamburger for a "Hawaiian hamburger".

Some restaurants' burgers also have barbecue sauce, and others replace the ground patty with sirloin, [[Al pastor]] meat, [[barbacoa]], or fried chicken breast. Many burger chains from the [[United States]] can be found all over [[Mexico]], including [[Carl's Jr.]], [[Sonic Drive-In|Sonic]], [[McDonald's]], and [[Burger King]].

===United Kingdom and Ireland===

Hamburgers in the UK and Ireland are very similar to those in the US, and the same big two chains dominate the [[High Street]] as in the U.S. — McDonald's and Burger King. The menus offered to both countries are virtually identical, although portion sizes tend to be smaller in the UK. In Ireland, the food outlet [[Supermacs]] is widespread throughout the country, serving burgers as part of its menu. In Ireland, [[Abrakebabra]] (started out selling kebabs) and [[Eddie Rocket's]] are also major chains.

An original and indigenous rival to the big two U.S. giants was the quintessentially British fast-food chain [[Wimpy (brand)|Wimpy]], originally known as Wimpy Bar (opened 1954 at the Lyon's Corner House in Coventry Street London), which served its hamburgers on a plate with British-style [[french fries|chips]], accompanied by [[cutlery]] and delivered to the customer's table. In the late 1970s, to compete with McDonald's,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wimpy.uk.com/moments.htm |title=Wimpy History |work=wimpy.uk.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509122138/http://www.wimpy.uk.com/moments.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2008 }}</ref> Wimpy began to open American-style counter-service restaurants, and the brand disappeared from many UK high streets when those restaurants were re-branded as Burger Kings between 1989 and 1990 by the then-owner of both brands, [[Grand Metropolitan]]. A [[management buyout]] in 1990 split the brands again, and now Wimpy table-service restaurants can still be found in many town centres, whilst new counter-service Wimpys are now often found at motorway service stations.

Hamburgers are also available from mobile [[kiosk]]s, commonly known as "burger vans", particularly at outdoor events such as [[football (soccer)|football]] matches. Burgers from this type of outlet are usually served without any form of salad — only fried onions and a choice of tomato ketchup, mustard, or brown sauce.

Chip shops, particularly in the West Midlands and North-East of England, Scotland, and Ireland, serve battered hamburgers called batter burgers. This is where the burger patty is deep-fat-fried in batter and is usually served with chips.

Hamburgers and [[veggie burger]]s served with chips, and salad is standard [[pub grub]] menu items. Many pubs specialize in "gourmet" burgers. These are usually high-quality minced steak patties topped with things such as blue cheese, brie, avocado, anchovy mayonnaise, et cetera. Some British [[pub]]s serve burger patties made from more exotic meats, including [[venison]] burgers (sometimes nicknamed Bambi Burgers), [[bison]] burgers, [[ostrich]] burgers, and in some Australian-themed pubs even [[Kangaroo meat|kangaroo]] burgers can be purchased. These burgers are served similarly to the traditional hamburger but are sometimes served with a different sauce, including redcurrant sauce, mint sauce, and plum sauce.

In the early 21st century, "premium" hamburger chains and independent restaurants have arisen, selling burgers produced from meat stated to be of high quality and often [[Organic food|organic]], usually served to eat on the premises rather than to take away.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/Story/0,,1676523,00.html|title=Camembert with that, sir? | location=London | first=Josh| last=Lacey | date=January 2, 2006 | access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> Chains include [[Gourmet Burger Kitchen]], Ultimate Burger, Hamburger Union and Byron Hamburgers in London. Independent restaurants such as Meatmarket and Dirty Burger developed a style of rich, juicy burger in 2012 which is known as a ''dirty burger'' or ''third-wave burger''.<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://lostincatering.com/lostincatering/london_dining_trends.html |chapter=Third Wave Burgers |title=London Menu Trends 2012 |publisher=LostinCatering |access-date=September 28, 2012 |archive-date=September 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924030250/http://www.lostincatering.com/lostincatering/london_dining_trends.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In recent years [[Rustlers (convenience food)|Rustlers]] has sold pre-cooked hamburgers reheatable in a [[microwave oven]] in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web| title=Rustler's Microwave Quarterpounder 190g| url=http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/groceries/index.jsp?bmUID=1272223297835| work=sainsburys.co.uk| access-date=April 25, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001134541/http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/groceries/index.jsp?bmUID=1272223297835| archive-date=October 1, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the UK, as in North America and [[Japan]], the term "burger" can refer simply to the patty, be it beef, some other kind of meat, or vegetarian.

===Australia and New Zealand===

[[File:Hamburger in New Zealand.jpg|thumb|right|This hamburger in a fast food restaurant in [[Auckland]], New Zealand, contains [[beetroot]] for flavor.]]

Fast food franchises sell American-style fast-food hamburgers in Australia and New Zealand. The traditional [[Australasia]]n hamburgers are usually bought from [[fish and chip shop]]s or milk bars rather than from chain restaurants. These traditional hamburgers are becoming less common as older-style fast food outlets decrease in number. The hamburger meat is almost always ground beef, or "mince", as it is more commonly referred to in Australia and New Zealand. They commonly include tomato, lettuce, grilled onion, and meat as minimum—in this form, known in Australia as a "plain hamburger", which often also includes a slice of beetroot—and, optionally, can include cheese, [[beetroot]], pineapple, a fried egg, and bacon. If all these optional ingredients are included, it is known in Australia as a "burger with the lot".<ref>{{cite news

|title=Fed: Tough to swallow inflationary hamburgers

|work=Australian Associated Press General News

|publisher=[[Australian Associated Press]]

|date=July 26, 2006

}}</ref><ref>{{cite news

|first=Donna|last=Hay

|title=The new burger

|work=[[Sunday Herald Sun]]

|publisher=[[The Herald and Weekly Times]]

|date=November 24, 2002

}}</ref>

In Australia and New Zealand, as in the United Kingdom, the word ''sandwich'' is generally reserved for two ''slices'' of bread (from a loaf) with fillings in between them – unlike in American English where a ''sandwich'' is fillings between two pieces of any kind of bread, not only slices of bread – as such ''burgers'' are not generally considered to be ''sandwiches''.<ref name="Unilever">{{Cite web|title=Recipes for tasty, crunchy & saucy American style sandwiches|url=https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au/chef-inspiration/trends-on-plate/americana/pick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209073308/https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au/chef-inspiration/trends-on-plate/americana/pick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html|archive-date=2022-02-09|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Unilever Food Solutions|language=en-AU|quote=Expect a blank look if you're in the States and ask for a chicken burger 'cause they ain't got a clue what the hell you're talking about... It's just what we call burgers, which Americans call sandwiches...}}</ref> The term ''burger'' is applied to any cut bun with a hot filling, even when the filling does not contain beef, such as a chicken burger (generally with chicken breast rather than chicken mince), salmon burger, pulled pork burger, veggie burger, etc.

The only variance between the two countries' hamburgers is that New Zealand's equivalent to "The Lot" often contains a steak (beef). The condiments regularly used are barbecue sauce and [[Tomato sauce#Australia, New Zealand and South Africa|tomato sauce]]. The traditional Australasian hamburger never includes mayonnaise. The [[McDonald's]] "McOz" Burger is partway between American and Australian style burgers, having beetroot and tomato in an otherwise typical American burger; however, it is no longer a part of the menu. Likewise, McDonald's in New Zealand created a [[Kiwiburger]], similar to a Quarter Pounder, but features salad, beetroot, and a fried egg. The [[Hungry Jack's]] ([[Burger King]]) "Aussie Burger" has tomato, lettuce, onion, cheese, bacon, beetroot, egg, ketchup, and a meat patty, while adding pineapple is an upcharge. It is essentially a "Burger with the lot" but uses the standard HJ circular breakfast Egg rather than the fully fried egg used by local fish shops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hungryjacks.com.au/menu |title=Hungry Jack's menu |access-date=March 10, 2012}}</ref>

===China===

[[File:Roujiamo, La Taverne de Zhao, Paris 17 September 2016.jpg|thumb|right|{{transliteration|zh|[[Roujiamo]]}}, the "Chinese hamburger"]]

In China, due to the branding of their sandwiches by [[McDonald's]] and [[KFC]] restaurants in China, the word "burger" ({{lang|zh|汉堡}}) refers to all sandwiches that consist of two pieces of bun and a meat patty in between. This has led to confusion when Chinese nationals try to order sandwiches with meat fillings other than beef in fast-food restaurants in North America.<ref name="Sohu-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/161318777_224814|title=汉堡和三明治有什么区别?强力科普这些外来词!|date=August 1, 2017|website=Sohu}}</ref>

A popular Chinese [[street food]], known as {{transliteration|zh|[[roujiamo]]}} ({{lang|zh|肉夹馍}}), consists of meat (most commonly pork) sandwiched between two buns. {{transliteration|zh|Roujiamo}} has been called the "Chinese hamburger".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewoksoflife.com/chinese-hamburgers-rou-jia-mo/|title=Chinese Hamburger, Rou Jia Mo 肉夹馍|date=March 4, 2017|website=The Woks of Life|language=en-US|access-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref> Since the sandwich dates back to the [[Qin dynasty]] (221–206 BC) and fits the aforementioned Chinese word for burger, Chinese media have claimed that the hamburger was invented in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eater.com/2015/4/14/8414083/china-claims-it-invented-hamburger-burger|title=China Brazenly Claims it Invented the Hamburger|last=Shah|first=Khushbu|date=April 14, 2015|website=Eater|language=en|access-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-are-chinese-hamburger_n_7020056|title=The World's First Hamburger Comes From Where?|date=April 8, 2015|website=HuffPost|access-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Sohu-2017" />

===Japan===

[[File:MOS Kaisen01.JPG|thumb|right|[[MOS Burger]] [[rice burger]]]]

In Japan, hamburgers can be served in a bun, called {{nihongo||ハンバーガー|hanbāgā}}, or just the patties served without a bun, known as {{nihongo||ハンバーグ|hanbāgu}} or "hamburg", short for "hamburg steak".

''[[Hamburg steak]]s'' (served without buns) are similar to what are known as [[Salisbury steak]]s in the US. They are made from minced beef, pork, or a blend of the two mixed with minced onions, eggs, breadcrumbs, and spices. They are served with [[brown sauce]] (or [[demi-glace]] in restaurants) with vegetable or salad sides, or occasionally in [[Japanese curry|Japanese curries]]. Hamburgers may be served in casual, western-style suburban restaurant chains known in Japan as "[[casual dining|family restaurants]]".

Hamburgers in buns are predominantly the domain of fast food chains. Japan has homegrown hamburger chain restaurants such as [[MOS Burger]], [[First Kitchen]], and [[Freshness Burger]]. Local varieties of burgers served in Japan include [[teriyaki]] burgers, {{transliteration|ja|katsu}} burgers (containing {{transliteration|ja|[[tonkatsu]]}}) and burgers containing shrimp {{transliteration|ja|[[korokke]]}}. Some of the more unusual examples include the [[rice burger]], where the bun is made of rice, and the luxury 1,000-yen (US$10) "Takumi Burger" (meaning "artisan taste"), featuring [[avocado]]s, freshly grated [[wasabi]], and other rare seasonal ingredients. In terms of the actual patty, there are burgers made with [[Kobe beef]], butchered from cows that are fed with beer and massaged daily. McDonald's Japan also recently{{when|date=December 2021}} launched a McPork burger made with US [[pork]]. McDonald's has been gradually losing market share in Japan to these local hamburger chains due partly to the preference of Japanese diners for fresh ingredients and more refined, "upscale" hamburger offerings.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ideaforesight: Upscale, modern fast food | url=http://ideaforesight.wordpress.com/2010/07/11/upscale-modern-fast-food/|work=ideaforesight's blog| date=July 11, 2010}}</ref>

=== Denmark ===

[[File:Danish Beef Sandwich.JPG|thumb|The modern Danish bøfsandwich]]

In Denmark, the hamburger was introduced in 1949, though it was called the [[bøfsandwich]]. There are many variations. While the original bøfsandwich was simply a generic meat patty containing a mix of beef and horse meat, with slightly different garnish (mustard, ketchup, and soft onions), it has continued to evolve. Today, a bøfsandwich usually contains a beef patty, pickled cucumber, raw, pickled, fried or soft onions, pickled red beets, mustard, ketchup, [[Remoulade#Danish remoulade|remoulade]], and perhaps most strikingly, is often overflowing with brown gravy, which is sometimes even poured on top of the assembled bøfsandwich. The original bøfsandwich is still on the menu at the same restaurant from which it originated in 1949, now run by the original owner's grandson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Danmarks første bøfsandwich fylder 70|url=https://www.mynewsdesk.com/dk/dyrehavsbakken/pressreleases/danmarks-foerste-boefsandwich-fylder-70-2862780|access-date=2021-03-10|website=Mynewsdesk|language=da|archive-date=July 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726144557/https://www.mynewsdesk.com/dk/dyrehavsbakken/pressreleases/danmarks-foerste-boefsandwich-fylder-70-2862780|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the popularity of the bøfsandwich, many variations sprung up, using different types of meat instead of the beef patty. One variation, the [[flæskestegssandwich]], grew especially popular. This variation replaces the minced beef patty with slices of pork loin or belly and typically uses sweet-and-sour pickled red cabbage, mayonnaise, mustard, and pork rinds as garnish.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flæskestegssandwich {{!}} Vores opskrift på den bedste flæskestegssandwich|url=https://meyers.dk/opskrifter/flaeskestegssandwich/p/71518/|access-date=2021-03-10|website=meyers.dk}}</ref>

Today, the bøfsandwich, flæskestegssandwich, and their many variations co-exist with the more typical hamburger, with the opening of the first Burger King restaurant in 1977 popularizing the original dish in Denmark. Many local, high-end burger restaurants dot the major cities, including [[Popl (restaurant)|Popl]], an offshoot of [[Noma (restaurant)|Noma]].

===East Asia===

[[File:Bulgogi burger 2.jpg|thumb|left|Korean-style bulgogi burger]]

[[Rice burger]]s mentioned above are also available in several East Asian countries such as Taiwan and South Korea. [[Lotteria]] is a big hamburger franchise in Japan owned by the South Korean [[Lotte (conglomerate)|Lotte]] group, with outlets also in China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan. In addition to selling beef hamburgers, they have hamburgers made from squid, pork, tofu, and shrimp. Variations available in South Korea include [[Bulgogi]] burgers and [[Kimchi]] burgers.

[[File:Taiwan McDonald's chicken rice burger 20050218.jpg|thumb|Chicken burger with rice bun (sold in Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, Macao, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore). Note that the "bun" is composed of cooked rice.]]

In the Philippines, a wide range of major U.S. fast-food franchises are well represented, together with local imitators, often amended to the local palate. The chain [[McDonald's]] (locally nicknamed "McDo") has a range of burger and chicken dishes often accompanied by plain [[steamed rice]] or French fries. The Philippines boasts its own burger chain called [[Jollibee]], which offers burger meals and chicken, including a signature burger called "Champ". Jollibee now has several outlets in the United States, the Middle East, and East Asia.

===India===

[[File:Vada pav, bombay, maharastra- DSC 0025.jpg|thumb|left|[[Vada pav]] or "Indian Burger" is made of potatoes and spices.]]

In India, burgers are usually made from chicken or vegetable patties due to cultural beliefs against eating beef (which stem from [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religious practice) and pork (which stems from [[Islamic]] religious practice). Because of this, most fast food chains and restaurants in India do not serve beef. McDonald's in India, for instance, does not serve beef, offering the "Maharaja Mac" instead of the Big Mac, substituting the beef patties with chicken. Another version of the Indian vegetarian burger is the [[wada pav]], consisting of a deep-fried potato patty dipped in gram flour batter. It is usually served with mint chutney and fried green chili. Another alternative is the "Buff Burger", made with buffalo meat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lbb.in/pune/best-burgers-pune/|title=Bite Into 11 Of The Best Burgers In Pune|website=LBB}}</ref>

===Pakistan===

In Pakistan, apart from American fast food chains, burgers can be found in stalls near shopping areas, the best known being the "shami burger". This is made from "shami kebab", made by mixing lentils and minced lamb.<ref>[http://en.recidemia.com/wiki/Arouk Fried lamb burger recipe on Recidemia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114150802/http://en.recidemia.com/wiki/Arouk |date=January 14, 2013 }}. En.recidemia.com (July 15, 2012). Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref> Onions, scrambled eggs, and ketchup are the most popular toppings.

===Malaysia===

In Malaysia, there are 300 McDonald's restaurants. The menu in Malaysia also includes eggs and fried chicken on top of regular burgers. Burgers are also easily found at nearby mobile kiosks, especially [[Ramly Burger]].

===Mongolia===

In Mongolia, a recent fast food craze due to the sudden influx of foreign influence has led to the prominence of the hamburger. Specialized fast food restaurants serving to Mongolian tastes have sprung up and seen great success.

[[File:Beef Burger In Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.jpg|thumb|right|[[Beef|Beef burger]] with [[fried egg]], [[cabbage]] and some [[french fries]] in [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Malaysia]]]]

===Turkey===

In Turkey, in addition to the internationally familiar offerings, numerous localized variants of the hamburger may be found, such as the Islak Burger ({{lit|Wet-Burger}}), which is a beef slider doused in seasoned tomato sauce and steamed inside a special glass chamber, and has its origins in the Turkish fast food retailer Kizilkayalar. Other variations include lamb burgers and [[offal]]-burgers, which are offered by local fast food businesses and global chains alike, such as McDonald's and [[Burger King]]. Most burger shops have also adopted a pizzeria-like approach to home delivery, and almost all major fast food chains deliver.

===Yugoslavia and Serbia===

In the former Yugoslavia, and originally in Serbia, there is a local version of the hamburger known as the ''[[pljeskavica]]''. It is often served as a patty but may also have a bun.

===Belgium and Netherlands===

Throughout Belgium and in some eateries in the Netherlands, a Bicky Burger is sold that combines pork, chicken, and horse meat.<ref name="Steves2015">{{cite book|last1=Steves|first1=Rick|title=Rick Steves Belgium: Bruges, Brussels, Antwerp & Ghent|date=2015|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=978-1631210655}}</ref><ref name="Smith2008">{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Andrew F.|title=Hamburger a global history|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901|url-access=registration|date=2008|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1861896315|chapter=The Global Burger}}</ref> The hamburger, usually fried, is served between a bun, sprinkled with sesame seeds. It often comes with a specific ''Bickysaus'' (Bicky dressing) made with mayonnaise, mustard, cabbage, and onion.<ref name="Steves2015" />

==Unusual hamburgers==

* In May 2012, Serendipity 3 was recognized as the [[Guinness World Records]] holder for serving the world's most expensive hamburger, the $295 Le Burger Extravagant.<ref>

{{cite news

| title = Serendipity 3 - Burger Weekly

| work = Burger Weekly

| date = June 12, 2013

| url = http://www.burgerweekly.com/serendipity-3

| access-date = October 8, 2013}}</ref>

* At $499, the world's largest hamburger commercially available weighs {{convert|185.8|lb|kg}} and is sold at [[Mallie's Sports Grill & Bar]] in [[Southgate, Michigan]]. Called the "Absolutely Ridiculous Burger", it takes about 12 hours to prepare. It was cooked and adjudicated on May 30, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available/blog/334882/7691.html?b= |title=Largest hamburger commercially available |work=guinnessworldrecords.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607045816/http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available/blog/334882/7691.html?b= |archive-date=June 7, 2009 }}</ref>

* A $777 [[Kobe beef]] and [[American lobster|Maine lobster]] burger, topped with caramelized onion, Brie cheese, and prosciutto, was reported available at Le Burger Brasserie, inside the [[Paris Las Vegas]] casino.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Forbes |url=http://www.forbestraveler.com/food-drink/best-burgers-2009-story.html? |title=10 Most Expensive Hamburgers |first=Neal |last=Ungerleider |date=June 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612034104/http://www.forbestraveler.com/food-drink/best-burgers-2009-story.html |archive-date=June 12, 2009 }}</ref>

* On August 5, 2013, the first hamburger grown with cow cells outside a living animal was served. It was the result of a $300,000 research project into [[cultured meat]], led by Mark Post at [[Maastricht University]] and sponsored by Google's co-founder [[Sergey Brin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23576143|title=World's first lab-grown burger is eaten in London|publisher=BBC|date=August 5, 2013|access-date=August 5, 2013}}</ref>

==Slang==

* "[[$100 hamburger]]" ("hundred-dollar hamburger") is aviation slang for a [[general aviation]] pilot needing an excuse to fly. A $100 hamburger trip typically involves flying a short distance (less than two hours), eating at an airport restaurant, and flying home.<ref>Matthew Preusch (October 26, 2007). [http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/travel/escapes/26burger.html?pagewanted=all&_moc.semityn.levart Cleared for Lunching: The $100 Hamburger]. NY Times.</ref>

==See also==

* [[Patty]]

* [[Cheeseburger]]

* [[Chicken sandwich]]

* [[Chicken nugget]]

* [[French fries]]

* [[Frikadelle]]

* [[Frikandel]]

* [[Kofta]]

* [[Bun kebab]]

* [[Hamburg steak]]

* [[Hot dog]]

* [[List of hamburgers]]

* [[List of hamburger restaurants]]

* [[List of sandwiches]]

* [[Meat grinder]]

* [[Pljeskavica]]{{Spaced ndash}}a traditional [[Balkan]] meal

* [[Salisbury steak]]

* [[Steak tartare]]

* {{annotated link|Sloppy joe}}

* [[Steak sandwich]]

==References==

==Further reading==

* {{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Beth |year=2004 |title=Great American Classics Cookbook |url=https://archive.org/details/goodhousekeeping0000unse_i5a8 |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Hearst Books |isbn=978-1-58816-280-9}}

* {{Cite book |editor-last=Barber |editor-first=Katherine |year=2004 |title=The Canadian Oxford Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/canadianoxforddi0000unse_f6g8 |url-access=registration |edition=Second |location=Toronto |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-541816-6}}

* {{Cite book |last=Edge |first=John T. |year=2005 |title=Hamburgers & Fries: An American Story |url=https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |isbn=978-0-399-15274-0 }} History and origins of the hamburger.

* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Andrew |year=2008 |title=Hamburger: A Global History |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901/ |location=London |publisher=Reaktion Books |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901/page/128 128] |isbn=978-1-86189-390-1 |url-access=registration}}

* {{Cite book |last=Trager |first=James |year=1997 |title=The Food Chronology: A Food Lover's Compendium of Events and Anecdotes, from Prehistory to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/foodchronologyfo0000trag |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Aurum Press |isbn=978-0-8050-5247-3}}

* {{Cite book |last=Volger |first=Lukas |year=2010 |title=Veggie Burgers Every Which Day: Fresh, Flavorful and Healthy Vegan and Vegetarian Burgers—Plus Toppings, Sides, Buns and More |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_vWCwAAQBAJ |location=New York |publisher=The Experiment |isbn=978-1-61519-019-5}}

==External links==

* {{Commons category-inline|Hamburgers}}

* {{Wiktionary-inline}}

* {{cookbook-inline}}

[[Category:American sandwiches]]

[[Category:Culture in Hamburg]]

[[Category:Fast food]]

[[Category:German cuisine]]

[[Category:German-American cuisine]]

[[Category:Hamburgers (food)| ]]

[[Category:National dishes]]

[[Category:German sandwiches]]

[[Category:Hot sandwiches]]

[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

== '''Early Life''' ==

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-{{Infobox person|name=Olaniyan Oladele{{verified}}|image=Dubia prince.pngMuhammed|given_name=Oladele|family_name=Oladele|birth_date=April 24|birth_place=Ikirun, Osun State|death_date=|categories=Digtal Marketer|gender=Male|nationality=Nigeria|occupation=Freelancer And Network Marketing{{verified}}|years_active=2024|website=|known_for=Toheeb}}
+{{Short description|Dish with patty between buns}}
+{{About|the dish|the meat served as part of such a dish|Patty|other uses}}
+{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
+{{Copy edit|date=June 2024}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
+{{Infobox food
+| name = Hamburger
+| image = RedDot Burger.jpg
+| caption = A hamburger with bacon, lettuce, and slices of tomato, served with french fries and a beer
+| image_size = 240px
+| country = [[Germany]] or [[United States]]
+| region =
+| creator = Multiple claims ([[#History|see text]])
+| course = [[Main course]]
+| served = Hot
+| main_ingredient = [[Ground meat]], [[bread]]
+| alt = A brown meat patty between slices of yellow American cheese, topped with sliced pickles and lettuce, sandwiched in a sesame seed bun
+| alternate_name = Burger
+}}
+A '''hamburger''' (or simply a '''burger''') consists of fillings—usually a [[patty]] of ground meat, typically [[Ground beef|beef]]—placed inside a sliced [[bun]] or [[bread roll]]. The patties are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis with [[condiment]]s such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, [[relish]] or a "special sauce", often a variation of [[Thousand Island dressing]], and are frequently placed on [[Bun|sesame seed buns]]. A hamburger patty topped with cheese is called a [[cheeseburger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://therec.io/the-history-of-the-burger/|title=The history of the burger|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015123905/https://therec.io/the-history-of-the-burger/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under some definitions, and in some cultures, a hamburger is considered a [[sandwich]].
+Hamburgers are typically associated with [[fast-food restaurant]]s and [[diner]]s but are also sold at other restaurants, including high-end establishments. There are many international and regional [[List of hamburgers|variations]] of hamburgers. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains feature burgers as one of their core products: [[McDonald's]] [[Big Mac]] and [[Burger King|Burger King's]] [[Whopper]] have become global icons of [[American culture]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rella |first=Emily |date=2021-12-03 |title=Burger King Is Selling Iconic Menu Item for Less Than a Dollar |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/burger-king-is-selling-iconic-menu-item-for-less-than-a/400690 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-30 |title=Big Mac is 50, but McDonald's sticks with aging icon - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-mac-is-50-but-mcdonalds-sticks-with-burger/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
+==Etymology and terminology==
+The term ''hamburger'' originally derives from [[Hamburg]], the second-largest city in [[Germany]]; however, a specific connection between the dish and the city is the topic of debates.<ref>{{OEtymD|hamburger|access-date=October 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Barksdale|first=Nate|date=29 August 2014|title=Where Hamburgers Began—and How They Became an Iconic American Food|website=History.com|url=https://www.history.com/news/hamburger-helpers-the-history-of-americas-favorite-sandwich}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Avey|first=Tory|date=24 April 2024|title=Do You Actually Know Where Hamburgers Originated?|website=Parade.com|url=https://parade.com/61481/toriavey/where-did-hamburgers-originate/}}</ref>
+By linguistic [[rebracketing]], the term "burger" eventually became a self-standing word that is associated with many different types of [[sandwich]]es that are similar to a hamburger, but contain different meats such as [[American bison|buffalo]] in the [[buffalo burger]], [[venison]], [[Kangaroo meat|kangaroo]], [[chicken burger|chicken]], [[turkey as food|turkey]], [[elk]], [[lamb and mutton|lamb]] or [[fish]] such as [[salmon]] in the [[salmon burger]], and even with meatless sandwiches as is the case of the [[veggie burger]].<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/burger Burger] ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''</ref>
+The term ''burger'' can also be applied to a meat patty on its own. Since the term ''hamburger'' usually implies beef, for clarity ''burger'' may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in '''beef burger''', [[Turkey as food|turkey]] burger, [[bison]] burger, or [[Portobello mushroom|portobello]] burger. In most English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast in a bun is a '''chicken burger'''. Americans would call this a ''[[chicken sandwich]]'' because the meat is not ground, whereas in other countries, anything with a bun is considered a ''burger'' and a ''[[sandwich]]'' uses other types of bread (sliced bread, baguette...).<ref name="Unilever" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-30 |title=14 Names Other Countries Have For Food That Will Confuse Every Aussie |url=https://punkee.com.au/australian-food-names-different-other-countries/127082 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Punkee |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Murphy2018">{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Lynne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uh69DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT209|title=The Prodigal Tongue: The Love–Hate Relationship Between British and American English|date=2018-03-29|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78607-270-2|pages=211|language=en|quote=...the British are so particular about sandwiches that they use the word ''less'' than Americans do. In Britain, a '''''sandwich''''' is some filing between two ''slices of bread''. Not a roll. Not a bagel. Not a baguette. Without sliced bread, it's not a sandwich. The American ''sandwich'' prototype is much like the British: savoury filings within two slices of bread. However, American sandwiches are allowed to wander further from the prototype because they interpret the 'bread' requirement more loosely. An American sandwich can be on a roll, on a bagel, on a bun, on a croissant, and at breakfast time, on an English muffin...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-20 |title=Hamburgers usurp classic baguette sandwich in France |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43476542 |access-date=2025-05-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+==History==
+{{main|History of the hamburger|History of the hamburger in the United States}}
+[[File:Hamburg steak.jpg|thumb|[[Hamburg steak]] has been known as "[[Frikadelle]]" in Germany since the 17th century.]]
+[[File:Oberhafenkantine (Hamburger Rundstück).jpg|thumb|The "Hamburger Rundstück" was popular already in 1869 and is believed to be a precursor to the modern Hamburger.]]
+[[File:Cheeseburger at Louis' Lunch, New Haven.jpg|thumb|Cheeseburger (with onions and tomatoes) at Louis' Lunch, New Haven, Connecticut]]
+Versions of the meal have been served for over a century, but its origins are still unclear.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VritIGJ5f48C|title=The Story behind the Dish: Classic American Foods: Classic American Foods|last=McWilliams|first=Mark|date=April 6, 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313385100|language=en}}</ref> The 1758 edition of the book ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' by [[Hannah Glasse]] included a recipe called "Hamburgh sausage", suggesting that it should be served "roasted with toasted bread under it." A similar snack was also popular in Hamburg under the name of "[[Rundstück warm]]" ("bread roll warm") in 1869 or earlier,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11005595?page=83|title=Neuester, vollständiger Führer durch Hamburg, Altona und Umgegend : Mit Berücksichtigung von Kiel, Helgoland, Lübeck und Travemünde. Mit vielen lithogr. Abbildungen u. d. neuesten Plane der Stadt|date=1869|website=Bavarian National Library Archives|publisher=J. F. Richter|location=Hamburg|trans-title=Newest, complete guide to Hamburg, Altona and surroundings. [...]|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> and was supposedly eaten by emigrants on their way to America. However, this may have contained roasted beefsteak rather than [[Frikadelle]]. It has alternatively been suggested that Hamburg steak served between two pieces of bread and eaten by Jewish passengers travelling from Hamburg to New York on [[Hamburg America Line]] vessels (which began operations in 1847) became so well known that the shipping company gave its name to the dish.<ref>[[Arthur L. Herman]] in ''Viking Heart'' {{ISBN|978-1328595904}} p 175.</ref> It is not known which of these stories actually marks the invention of the hamburger and explains the name.
+There is a reference to a "[[Hamburg steak]]" as early as 1884 in ''[[The Boston Journal]]''.<sup>[OED, under "steak"]</sup> On July 5, 1896, the ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' made a highly specific claim regarding a "hamburger sandwich" in an article about a "Sandwich Car": "A distinguished favorite, only five cents, is Hamburger steak sandwich, the meat for which is kept ready in small patties and 'cooked while you wait' on the gasoline range."<ref name="hamburger1896">{{cite news
+| author       =<!--not stated-->
+| title        = In a 'Sandwich Car'
+| url          = https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/clip/88784660/hamburger-sandwich-1896/
+| work         = [[Chicago Tribune]]
+| date         = 5 July 1896
+| access-date  = 20 Dec 2022
+}}
+</ref>
+=== Claims of invention ===
+The hamburger's origin is unclear, though "hamburger steak sandwiches" have been advertised in U.S. newspapers from New York to Hawaii since at least the 1890s.<ref name="Washington Post" /> The invention of hamburgers is commonly attributed to various people, including Charlie Nagreen, Frank and Charles Menches, Oscar Weber Bilby, Fletcher Davis, or Louis Lassen.<ref name="Origins">Sam Gazdziak (August 1, 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040038/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-152420803.html "Giving the BURGER its due: the hamburger's origins are somewhat shrouded in mystery, but there is no doubt as to its impact on American dining habits and culture.(Editorial)."] The National Provisioner. BNP Media.</ref><ref name="Origin2">Nancy Ross Ryan (February 6, 1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040049/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-7049156.html Great American food chronicles: the hamburger. (restaurant marketing)]. Restaurants & Institutions. Reed Business Information, Inc. (US).</ref> [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]] traces the origin of the hamburger to Hamburg, Germany, with its invention by Otto Kuase.<!-- Please check cited source before editing. --><ref>{{cite web |author=Lance Gay |date=April 2, 2004 |url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/4/2/19820803/birth-of-an-icon-hamburger-s-origins-unclear-but-it-became-popular-100-years-ago/ |quote=The White Castle chain traces the hamburger's ancestry back to a German cook named Otto Kuase. |title=Birth of an icon: Hamburger's origins unclear, but it became popular 100 years ago |website=[[Deseret News]] |location=Salt Lake City |access-date=August 11, 2025}}</ref> Some have pointed to a recipe for "Hamburgh sausages" on toasted bread, published in ''The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy'' by Hannah Glasse in 1758.<ref name="Washington Post" /> Hamburgers gained national recognition in the U.S. at the [[1904 St. Louis World's Fair]] when the ''New York Tribune'' referred to the hamburger as "the innovation of a food vendor on the pike."<ref name="Origin2" /> No conclusive argument has ended the dispute over invention. An article from [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] sums up: "One problem is that there is little written history. Another issue is that the burger spread happened largely at the World's Fair, from tiny vendors that came and went instantly. And it is entirely possible that more than one person came up with the idea at the same time in different parts of the country."<ref>{{cite web |author1=Berman, John  |author2=Millhon, Drew | url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=2856336 | title=A Major Beef! Who Invented the Hamburger? | publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] | date=February 20, 2007 | access-date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>
+====Louis Lassen====
+Although debunked by ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref name="Washington Post">{{Cite news|title=Who invented the hamburger? Biting into the messy history of America's iconic sandwich.|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2021/05/28/hamburger-origin-story/|access-date=2021-12-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> a popular myth recorded by Connecticut Congresswoman [[Rosa DeLauro]] stated the first hamburger served in America was by Louis Lassen, a Danish immigrant, after he opened [[Louis' Lunch]] in [[New Haven]] in 1895.<ref name="James">[[Rosa L. DeLauro]] (2000). [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/CT/200002814.html Louis' Lunch]. the [[Library of Congress]].</ref> Louis' Lunch, a small lunch wagon in [[New Haven, Connecticut]], is said to have sold the first hamburger and [[steak sandwich]] in the U.S. in 1900.<ref>[http://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/ct/es_ct_burger_1.html Louis' Lunch A Local Legacy]. Library of Congress. Americaslibrary.gov. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref><ref>U.S. Library of Congress Folklife Center Local Legacies Project retrieved on April 13, 2009 [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/CT/200002814.html Louis' Lunch A Local Legacy]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020720093345/http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434 About Connecticut]. State of Connecticut official website</ref> ''[[New York Magazine]]'' states that "The dish actually had no name until some rowdy sailors from Hamburg named the meat on a bun after themselves years later", also noting that this claim is subject to dispute.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=New York Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReQCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42|title=Roadfood|author1=Jane Stern|author2=Michael Stern |year = 1977  |page=42 |issn=0028-7369}}</ref> A customer ordered a quick hot meal and Louis was out of steaks. Taking ground beef trimmings, Louis made a patty and grilled it, putting it between two slices of toast.<ref name="Origin2"/> Some critics such as Josh Ozersky, a food editor for ''New York Magazine'', claim that this sandwich was not a hamburger because the bread was toasted.<ref name=Beach />
+====Charlie Nagreen====
+One of the earliest claims comes from [[Charlie Nagreen]], who in 1885 sold a meatball between two slices of bread at the Seymour Fair<ref name=Harmon /> now sometimes called the Outagamie County Fair.<ref name=Beach>Randall Beach (February 3, 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040055/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25510511.html Louis' Lunch has beef with book claiming it didn't invent the hamburger]. ''New Haven Register'' (New Haven, CT). McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.</ref> The Seymour Community Historical Society of [[Seymour, Wisconsin]], credits Nagreen, now known as "Hamburger Charlie", with the invention. Nagreen was 15 when he reportedly sold pork sandwiches at the 1885 Seymour Fair so customers could eat while walking. The Historical Society explains that Nagreen named the hamburger after the Hamburg steak with which local German immigrants were familiar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seymourhistory.org/news/?id=35 |title="Hamburger" Charlie Nagreen |publisher=SeymourHistory.org |access-date=September 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Myron|last=Heuer |title=The real home of the hamburger |url=http://www.herald-journal.com/archives/1998/columns/mh101298.html |work=Herald & Journal |date=October 12, 1999 |access-date=March 24, 2008 }}</ref><!-- For proof, the Historical Society's website refers to articles posted on http://www.homeofthehamburger.org/history.html, but these establish only that Seymour's first annual fair took place in 1885 Nagreen claimed in 1947 to have invented the hamburger there. -->
+====Otto Kuase====
+According to [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]], Otto Kuase was the inventor of the hamburger. In 1891, he created a beef patty cooked in butter and topped with a fried egg. German sailors later omitted the fried egg.<ref name=Origin2 />
+====Oscar Weber Bilby====
+The family of Oscar Weber Bilby claims the first-known hamburger on a bun was served on July 4, 1891, on Grandpa Oscar's farm. The bun was a yeast bun.<ref>{{cite book|first=Josh|last=Ozersky |title=The Hamburger: A History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MjP0Jf2DGkEC&pg=PT19 |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-15125-1 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=John T. Edge |title=Hamburgers & Fries: An American Story |url=https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge |url-access=registration |year=2005 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |isbn=978-0-399-15274-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge/page/22 22]}}</ref><ref name="amhistory"/> In 1995, Governor [[Frank Keating]] proclaimed that the first true hamburger on a bun was created and consumed in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]] in 1891, calling Tulsa, "The Real Birthplace of the Hamburger".<ref>[http://webersrootbeer.net/index.html Welcome To Weber's Superior Root Beer and Grill] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114150801/http://webersrootbeer.net/index.html |date=January 14, 2013 }}. Webersrootbeer.net (April 13, 1995). Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref>
+====Frank and Charles Menches====
+[[File:NYC-Diner-Bacon-Cheeseburger.jpg|thumb|right|A bacon cheeseburger from a New York City diner]]
+Frank and Charles Menches claim to have sold a ground beef sandwich at the Erie County Fair in 1885 in [[Hamburg, New York]].<ref name=Beach /> During the fair, they ran out of pork sausage for their sandwiches and substituted beef.<ref name=Harmon /> The brothers exhausted their supply of sausage, so they purchased chopped-up beef from a butcher, Andrew Klein. Historian Joseph Streamer wrote that the meat was from Stein's market, not Klein's, despite Stein's having sold the market in 1874.<ref name=Harmon /> The story notes that the name of the hamburger comes from Hamburg, New York, not Hamburg, Germany.<ref name=Harmon /> Frank Menches's obituary in ''[[The New York Times]]'' states that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in [[Akron, Ohio]].<ref>"Obituary: Charles Menches." The New York Times. October 5, 1951.</ref>
+====Fletcher Davis====
+Fletcher Davis of [[Athens, Texas]] claimed to have invented the hamburger. According to oral histories, in the 1880s, he opened a lunch counter in Athens and served a 'burger' of fried ground beef patties with mustard and Bermuda onion between two slices of bread, with a pickle on the side.<ref name="Origin2"/> The story is that in 1904, Davis and his wife Ciddy ran a sandwich stand at the St. Louis World's Fair.<ref name="Origin2"/> Historian Frank X. Tolbert noted that Athens resident Clint Murchison said his grandfather dated the hamburger to the 1880s with Fletcher "Old Dave" Davis.<ref name=Harmon>John E. Harmon [http://web.ccsu.edu/faculty/harmonj/atlas/atlasf.html "The Better Burger Battle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606114631/http://web.ccsu.edu/faculty/harmonj/atlas/atlasf.html |date=June 6, 2013 }}, in ''Atlas of Popular Culture in the Northeastern United States''.</ref> A photo of "Old Dave's Hamburger Stand" from 1904 was sent to Tolbert as evidence of the claim.<ref name=Harmon />
+====Other hamburger-steak claims====
+Various non-specific claims of the invention relate to the term "hamburger steak" without mention of its being a sandwich. The first printed American menu listing hamburgers is an 1834 menu from [[Delmonico's]] in New York.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Louis E. |last1=Grivetti |first2=Jan L. |last2=Corlett |first3=Bertram M. |last3=Gordon |first4=Cassius T. |last4=Lockett |date=January–February 2004 |title=Food in American History, Part 6-Beef (Part 1): Reconstruction and Growth Into the 20th Century (1865–1910) |journal=Nutrition Today |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=18–25 |pmid=15076706 |doi=10.1097/00017285-200401000-00006|issn=0029-666X}}</ref> However, the printer of the original menu was not in business in 1834.<ref name="amhistory">{{cite web|url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/HamburgerHistory.htm|title=What's cooking America: History of the Hamburger|first=Matthew|last=Preusch|date=October 26, 2007 }}</ref> In 1889, a menu from Walla Walla Union in Washington offered hamburger steak as a menu item.<ref name="Origin2"/>
+Between 1871 and 1884, "Hamburg Beefsteak" was on the "Breakfast and Supper Menu" of the Clipper Restaurant at 311/313 Pacific Street in [[San Fernando, California]]. It cost 10 cents—the same price as mutton chops, pig's feet in batter, and stewed veal. It was not, however, on the dinner menu. Only "Pig's Head", "Calf Tongue", and "Stewed Kidneys" were listed.<ref>Roger M. Grace (January 15, 2004). [http://www.metnews.com/articles/2004/reminiscing011504.htm Old Menus Tell the History of Hamburgers in L.A.] metnews.com.</ref> Another claim ties the hamburger to Summit County, New York, or Ohio. Summit County, Ohio, exists, but Summit County, New York, does not.<ref name=Harmon />
+===Early major vendors===
+{{See also|White Castle (restaurant)#History|l1=History of White Castle|History of McDonald's}}
+[[File:McD_Big_Mac.png|thumb|right|[[McDonald's]] [[Big Mac]]]]
+* 1921: [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]], [[Wichita, Kansas]]. Due to books by Upton Sinclair and Arthur Kallet discrediting the cleanliness and nutritional value of ground beef, hamburger meat was unpopular with families until the White Castle restaurant chain took it upon themselves to market the cleanliness and quality of their food through scientific studies and preparing the food in full view of customers with spotlessly clean buildings. They also reported in local newspapers how they carefully selected their meat, and opened the "Food Experiment Department" as a test kitchen and quality-control laboratory.<ref name="SBS"/> They marketed and sold large numbers of small {{convert|2+1/2|in|mm|order=flip|round=5|abbr=on}} square hamburger sandwiches, known as sliders and created five holes in each patty, which helped them cook evenly and eliminated the need to flip the burger. In 1995, White Castle began selling frozen hamburgers in convenience stores and vending machines.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.answers.com/topic/white-castle-system-inc | title=Hoover's Company Profiles: White Castle System, Inc.|publisher=[[Answers.com]]}}</ref>
+* 1923: [[Kewpee Hamburgers]], or Kewpee Hotels, [[Flint, Michigan]]. Kewpee was the second hamburger chain and peaked at 400 locations before [[World War II]]. Many of these were licensed but not strictly franchised. Many closed during WWII. Between 1955 and 1967, another wave of restaurants closed or changed names. In 1967, the Kewpee licensor moved the company to a franchise system. Currently, only five locations exist.
+* 1926: [[White Tower Hamburgers]]
+* 1927: [[Little Tavern]]
+* 1932: [[Krystal (restaurant)|Krystal]]<ref name="SBS">{{cite book |last=Hogan |first=David Gerard |year=1997 |title=Selling 'Em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PT6s4ZbznHMC&q=Samuel+V.+Blair+Kewpee&pg=PA50 |edition=1st |publisher=NYU Press |pages=52–55 |isbn=978-0814735671 |access-date=June 4, 2008}}</ref>
+* 1936: [[Big Boy Restaurants|Big Boy]]. In 1937, Bob Wian created the double-deck hamburger at his stand in Glendale, California. Big Boy would become the name of the hamburger, mascot, and restaurant. Big Boy expanded nationally through regional franchising and subfranchising. Primarily operating as drive-in restaurants in the 1950s, interior dining gradually replaced curb service by the early 1970s. Many franchises have closed or operated independently, but the Big Boy double-deck hamburger remains the signature item at the remaining American restaurants.
+* 1940: [[McDonald's]] restaurant, [[San Bernardino, California]], was opened by [[Richard and Maurice McDonald]]. Their introduction of the "[[Speedee|Speedee Service System]]" in 1948 established the principles of the modern [[fast-food restaurant]]. The McDonald brothers began franchising in 1953. In 1961, [[Ray Kroc]] (the supplier of their multi-mixer milkshake machines) purchased the company from the brothers for $2.7 million and a 1.9% royalty.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1984/01/15/mcdonalds-chief-ray-kroc-dies/5c5007d4-9cad-4fad-8a7f-08b8a785a33b/|title=Ray Kroc Dies - McDonald's company history|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
+==In the United States==
+[[File:Flickr XP-ert 489502412--Cheeseburgers on grill.jpg|thumb|Hamburger preparation in a fast food establishment]] [[File:Fat "L" Half Pound Burger at home.jpg|thumb|A hamburger with fries bought as take-away, with the hamburger and the fries in separate containers]]
+Hamburgers are often a feature of [[fast food]] [[restaurant]]s. In the United States, the hamburger patties served by major fast food chains are usually mass-produced in factories and frozen for delivery to the site.<ref>For references, see the literature review in William O. Giles "Method for preparing hamburger patties" {{US Patent|5484625}} issued January 16, 1996.</ref> These hamburgers are thin and of uniform thickness, differing from the traditional American hamburger prepared in homes and conventional restaurants, which is thicker and prepared by hand from [[ground beef]]. Most American hamburgers are round, but some fast-food chains, such as [[Wendy's]], sell square-cut hamburgers. Hamburgers in fast food restaurants are usually grilled on a flat top, but some firms, such as [[Burger King]], use a gas flame grilling process. At conventional American restaurants, hamburgers may be ordered "rare" but normally are served medium-well or well-done for food safety reasons. Fast food restaurants do not usually offer this option.
+The McDonald's fast-food chain sells the [[Big Mac]], one of the world's top-selling hamburgers, with an estimated 550 million sold annually in the United States.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-mac-hits-the-big-4-0/ Big Mac Hits The Big 4-0], [[CBS News]], February 11, 2009.</ref> Other major fast-food chains, including [[Burger King]] (also known as [[Hungry Jack's]] in Australia), [[A&W Restaurants|A&W]], [[Culver's]], [[Whataburger]], [[Carl's Jr.]]/[[Hardee's]] chain, [[Wendy's]] (known for their square patties), [[Jack in the Box]], [[Krystal (restaurant)|Krystal]], [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]], [[Cook Out (restaurant)|Cook Out]], [[Harvey's]], [[Hesburger]], [[Supermac's]], [[Shake Shack]], [[In-N-Out Burger]], [[Five Guys]], [[Fatburger]], Vera's, [[Burgerville]], [[Back Yard Burgers]], [[Lick's Homeburger]], [[Roy Rogers Restaurants|Roy Rogers]], [[Smashburger (restaurant chain)|Smashburger]], and [[Sonic Drive-In|Sonic]] also rely heavily on hamburger sales. [[Fuddruckers]] and [[Red Robin]] are hamburger chains that specialize in the mid-tier "restaurant-style" variety of hamburgers.
+Some restaurants offer elaborate hamburgers using expensive cuts of meat and various cheeses, toppings, and sauces. One example is the [[Bobby's Burger Palace]] chain founded by well-known chef and [[Food Network]] star [[Bobby Flay]].
+Hamburgers are often served as a fast dinner, picnic, or party food and are often cooked outdoors on barbecue grills.
+A high-quality hamburger patty is made entirely of ground (minced) beef and seasonings; these may be described as "all-beef hamburger" or "all-beef patties" to distinguish them from inexpensive hamburgers made with cost-savers like added [[flour]], [[textured vegetable protein]], [[Pink Slime|ammonia treated defatted beef trimmings]] (which the company [[Beef Products]] Inc, calls "lean finely textured beef"),<ref name="Anatomy of a Burger">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/10/04/us/20090917-meat.html |work=The New York Times |title=Anatomy of a Burger |date=October 4, 2009 |access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Moss">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/04/health/04meat.html |work=The New York Times |title=The Burger That Shattered Her Life |first=Michael|last=Moss |date=October 3, 2009 |access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> [[advanced meat recovery]], or other [[meat extenders|fillers]]. In the 1930s, ground [[liver (food)|liver]] was sometimes added. Some cooks prepare their patties with binders like [[Egg (food)|eggs]] or [[breadcrumb]]s. Seasonings may include salt and pepper and others like [[parsley]], onions, [[soy sauce]], [[Thousand Island dressing]], [[French onion soup|onion soup]] mix, or [[Worcestershire sauce]]. Many name-brand [[seasoned salt]] products are also used.
+=== Cost ===
+According to [[Bloomberg News]], the average price of a fast-food restaurant burger in the United States increased by 16% between 2019 and 2024, reaching $8.41 in the second quarter of 2024. Specifically, the iconic Big Mac at McDonald's cost $5.29 during the same period, representing a 21% price increase over the same five-year span.<ref>{{cite web | last=Shanker | first=Deena | title=The End of the Cheap Burger | website=Bloomberg.com | date=2024-09-26 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-26/mcdonald-s-faces-the-end-of-the-cheap-burger-era-as-prices-rise-sales-drop | access-date=2024-09-29}}</ref>
+===Safety===
+Raw hamburgers may contain harmful bacteria that can produce food-borne illnesses such as [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|''Escherichia coli'' O157:H7]], due to the occasional initial improper preparation of the meat, so caution is needed during handling and cooking. Because of the potential for food-borne illness, the [[USDA]], recommends hamburgers be cooked to an internal temperature of {{convert|160|F}}.<ref name=USDA>{{cite web |url=https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat/ground-beef-and-food-safety |title=Ground Beef and Food Safety|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> If cooked to this temperature, they are considered [[well-done]].<ref>[http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/news/1998/colorpr.htm USDA Urges Consumers To Use Food Thermometer When Cooking Ground Beef Patties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903093259/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/news/1998/colorpr.htm |date=September 3, 2009 }}. United States Department of Agriculture Safety and Inspection Service Media Communications Office, August 11, 1998.</ref>
+==Variations==
+{{see also|List of hamburgers}}
+===Other meats===
+Around the world, burgers can also be made with meat other than beef.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Orange Coast Magazine|journal = Orange Coast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA254|date=May 2007|publisher=Emmis Communications|page=254|issn=0279-0483}}</ref> Here is a non-exhautive list of alternatives:
+* [[turkey as food|Turkey]] burger
+* Chicken burger:
+** [[chicken (food)|Chicken]] breast (marinated or not)
+** [[Fried chicken]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicken burger recipes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/chicken_burger |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=BBC Food |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nagi |date=2023-09-29 |title=Henry's Crispy Fried Chicken Burger |url=https://www.recipetineats.com/crispy-fried-chicken-burger/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=RecipeTin Eats |language=en-US}}</ref>
+** Ground chicken meat
+** Pulled chicken <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulled Chicken Burger & Frites Maison - Recette |url=https://lescommis.com/recettes/burger-pulled-barbecue-chicken/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=lescommis.com |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HelloFresh |date=2021-01-15 |title=Pulled Chicken Burgers, Wedges & Salad Recipe |url=https://www.hellofresh.co.uk/recipes/pulled-chicken-burgers-600192d28c1e0a385b12c266 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=HelloFresh |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+* Buffalo burger ([[American Bison|bison]] meat)
+* Ostrich burger
+* Deer burger ''(''[[venison]] from [[deer]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,1318965,00.html|title=Highland schools get Bambi burgers|journal=The Guardian | location=London | first=Gerard| last=Seenan | date=October 4, 2004 | access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref>)
+* [[Pulled pork]] burger <ref>{{Cite web |last=Genossenschaft |first=Schweizer Milchproduzenten SMP |title=Pulled pork burger (burger de porc effiloché) - Rezept |url=https://www.swissmilk.ch/fr/recettes-idees/recettes/SM2018_CHDO_17/pulled-pork-burger-burger-de-porc-effiloche/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Swissmilk |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HelloFresh |date=2023-03-07 |title=Le PPB : Pulled Pork Burger Recette |url=https://www.hellofresh.fr/recipes/le-ppb-pulled-pork-burger-64073dbbdf6297bb5beef24b |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=HelloFresh |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulled Pork Burger parfaitement préparé - Viande Suisse |url=https://viandesuisse.ch/recettes/pulled-pork-burger-parfaitement-prepare |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=viandesuisse.ch |language=fr}}</ref>
+* [[Duck confit]] burger <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chefs |first=L'atelier des |title=Recette Burger du Sud-Ouest au confit de canard, fondue de brebis et mesclun |url=https://www.atelierdeschefs.fr/recettes/27035/burger-du-sud-ouest-au-confit-de-canard-fondue-de-brebis-et-mesclun/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=www.atelierdeschefs.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
+* Lamb burger <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burger d'agneau avec bacon et fromage de chèvre |url=https://lecoupdegrace.ca/recette/hamburger-dagneau-avec-bacon-et-fromage-de-chevre/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Le Coup de Grâce |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rye |first=Jennine |date=2022-02-08 |title=Best Lamb Burger Recipe |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/743937/best-lamb-burger-recipe/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}</ref>
+* Veal burger
+Note that in the USA the meat has to be ground for those sandwiches to be considered as "burgers".
+=== Fish burgers ===
+Burgers can also be made with fish, usually fried or breaded/flaked, as a replacement from the meat. A simple example is MacDonald's fish burger [[Filet-O-Fish]].
+Options include salmon, cod or hake.
+===Veggie burgers===
+{{main|Veggie burger}}
+[[File:Impossible Burger - Gott's Roadside- 2018 - Stierch.jpg|thumb|The vegan [[Impossible Burger]]]]
+Vegetarian and vegan burgers can be formed from a [[meat analogue]], a meat substitute such as [[tofu]], [[textured vegetable protein|TVP]], [[seitan]] (wheat gluten), [[quorn]], beans, grains or an assortment of vegetables, ground up and mashed into patties.
+Vegetable patties have existed in various [[Eurasian]] cuisines for millennia and are a commonplace item in [[Indian cuisine]].
+In the 1900s, some companies began making soy-based burgers, including the [[Boca Burger]] and [[Lightlife]]. Other producers entered business with new burgers in the 2000s, including [[Gardein]], [[Impossible Foods]], [[Beyond Meat]], and Meati. These products are primarily made of peas, soy, mushrooms, yeast, beans, and/or nuts.
+=== Steak burgers ===
+[[File:Steak burger with cheese and onion rings.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A steak burger with cheese and onion rings]]
+{{Steak}}
+In the United States, a '''steak burger''' is a marketing term for a hamburger claimed to be of superior quality.<ref>Ronald R. Butters, "Trademark linguistics: Trademarks: Language that one owns," in Malcolm Coulthard, Alison Johnson, ''The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics'', p. 360</ref><ref>George Motz, ''Hamburger America'', 2011 {{isbn|0762440708}}, p. 17, 41</ref><ref>Thomas Riggs, ''Encyclopedia of major marketing campaigns'', '''2''':456</ref> Elsewhere, it is a burger containing a [[steak]].
+Use of the term "steakburger" dates to the 1920s in the United States.<ref name="Perry"/> In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. "Gus" Belt, the founder of [[Steak 'n Shake]], devised a higher-quality hamburger and offered it as a "steakburger" to customers at the company's first location in [[Normal, Illinois]].<ref name="LR66">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oq80iaT38k4C&pg=PA210|title=Legendary Route 66|page=210|isbn=9781616731236|last1=Michael Karl Witzel|first1=Gyvel Young-Witzel|year=2007|publisher=Voyageur Press }}</ref> This burger used a combination of ground meat from the strip portion of [[T-bone steak]] and [[sirloin steak]] in its preparation.<ref name="LR66"/> Steakburgers are a primary menu item at [[Steak 'n Shake]] restaurants,<ref name="LR66"/> and the company's registered [[trademark]]s included "original steakburger" and "famous for steakburgers".<ref name="AFDLD"/> Steak 'n Shake's "Prime Steakburgers" are now made of [[Beef carcass classification|choice grade]] brisket and chuck.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.steaknshake.com/|title=Steak n Shake &#124; Steakburger & Homemade Milkshakes|website=www.steaknshake.com}}</ref>
+[[Beef]] is typical, although other meats such as lamb and pork may also be used.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZARABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT6|title=Be Your Own Burger King|publisher=PJ Group|page=14|last=Stone|first=Martha|date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> The meat is ground<ref name="Croft">{{cite web | url=http://www.indystar.com/story/life/2014/10/09/make-great-steak-burger/16911277/ | title=Make your own great steak burger | work=[[The Indianapolis Star]]| date=October 9, 2014 | access-date=October 9, 2014 | author=Croft, Sara}}</ref> or chopped.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/savoirfarelondon0000loui|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/savoirfarelondon0000loui/page/14 14]|title=London|publisher=New York Review of Books|isbn=9781892145659|last1=Louie|first1=Elaine|year=2008}}</ref>
+In other places - including Australia and New Zealand - a steak burger contains a whole steak, not ground meat.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://outbackjoe.com/macho-divertissement/australian-places-and-general-travel/steak-sandwich/ | title=Steak Sandwich Around Australia | work=Outback Joe | access-date=July 18, 2017| date=April 2012 }}</ref>
+Steak burgers may be cooked to various [[Doneness|degrees of doneness]].<ref name="Kearney"/>
+Steakburgers may be served with standard hamburger toppings such as lettuce, onion, and tomato.<ref name="Kearney">{{cite web | url=http://www.chron.com/entertainment/restaurants-bars/article/One-great-dish-Signature-Steak-Burger-at-La-Casa-5449167.php | title=One great dish: Signature Steak Burger at La Casa del Caballo | work=[[Houston Chronicle]]| date=May 2, 2014 | access-date=October 9, 2014 | author=Kearney, Syd}}</ref> Some may have various additional toppings such as cheese,<ref name="Kearney"/> bacon, fried egg, mushrooms,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Efo_YpMVL0C&pg=PA99 | title=The Little Black Book of Burgers | publisher=Peter Pauper Press, Inc. | page=99 | isbn=978-1441300409}}</ref> additional meats,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdgfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|title=Hamburger America|pages=41–42|isbn=9780762440702|last1=Motz|first1=George|date=May 10, 2011|publisher=Running Press }}</ref> and others.
+[[File:Burger King Angus Bacon & Cheese Steak Burger.jpg|thumb|A [[Burger King]] bacon and cheese steak burger]]
+Various fast food outlets and restaurants {{mdashb}} such as [[Burger King]], [[Carl's Jr.]], [[Hardee's]], [[IHOP]], [[Steak 'n Shake]], [[Mr. Steak]], and [[Freddy's]] {{mdashb}} market steak burgers.<ref name="Perry"/><ref name="AFDLD">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3imY6hdVgQC&pg=PA109|title=Annual Franchise and Distribution Law Developments|pages=109–110|isbn=9781590314319|last1=Brimer|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Smith-Porter|first2=Leslie|year=2005|publisher=American Bar Association }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20-IA3|title=Life|page=83|date=November 10, 1967}}</ref><ref name="ARDBCL">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4OZCKtzM3ZkC&pg=PA1075|title=Annual Review of Developments in Business and Corporate Litigation|pages=1075–1076|isbn=9781590315460|year=2006|publisher=American Bar Association }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70vSvQwG4vAC&pg=PA186|title=Inventory|page=186|isbn=9781439109892|author=A.V. Club|date=October 13, 2009|publisher=Simon and Schuster }}</ref> Some restaurants offer high-end burgers prepared from [[Beef aging|aged]] beef.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8vhbo4so_0C&pg=PA80|title=Serious Eats|pages=80–81|isbn=9780307720870|last1=Levine|first1=Ed|date=November 2011|publisher=Clarkson Potter }}</ref> Additionally, many restaurants have used the term "steakburger" at various times.<ref name="ARDBCL"/>
+Some [[baseball park]]s concessions in the United States call their hamburgers steak burgers, such as [[Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium]] in [[Omaha, Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhNkcSYS1OwC&pg=PA96|title=Brit at the Ballpark|page=97|isbn=9780786486472|last1=Taylor|first1=Peter|date=August 31, 2011|publisher=McFarland }}</ref>
+Burger King introduced the [[Burger King premium burgers#Sirloin Steak sandwich|Sirloin Steak sandwich]] in 1979 as part of a menu expansion that, in turn, was part of a corporate restructuring effort for the company.<ref name="Perry"/> It was a single oblong [[patty]] made of chopped steak served on a sub-style sesame seed roll.<ref>{{cite AV media |year=1979 |title=Specialty Sandwich commercial |medium=Television commercial}}</ref><ref name="HBR-BK">{{cite magazine |last1=Sasser  |first1=W. Earl Jr.|last2=Rikert |first2=David C. |title=Burger King Corp. |url=http://hbr.org/product/burger-king-corp/an/681045-PDF-ENG |magazine=Harvard Business Review |access-date=November 25, 2013 |location=Cambridge, MA |date=February 27, 1996}}</ref> Additional steak burgers that Burger King has offered are the Angus Bacon Cheddar Ranch Steak Burger, the Angus Bacon & Cheese Steak Burger, and a limited edition Stuffed Steakhouse Burger.<ref name="Perry">{{cite web |last1=Perry |first1=Catherine D. |author-link1=Catherine D. Perry |title=Memorandum and Order: The Steak 'n Shake Company vs. The Burger King Corporation, Case No. 4:04CV525 CDP |url=https://ecf.moed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/STEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF |date=July 7, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928003530/https://ecf.moed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/STEAK_N_SHAKE_ET_AL_V_BURGER_KING_ET_AL-CDP-57.PDF |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |publisher=[[United States District Court]], Eastern District of Missouri, Eastern Division |access-date=June 26, 2024 }} [https://casetext.com/case/steak-n-shake-company-v-burger-king-corporation (July 7, 2004) 323 F. Supp.2d 983 (E.D. Mo. 2004)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121071734/https://casetext.com/case/steak-n-shake-company-v-burger-king-corporation |date=November 21, 2022 }}</ref>
+In 2004, [[Steak 'n Shake]] sued [[Burger King]] over the latter's use of the term ''Steak Burger'' in conjunction with one of its menu items, claiming that such use infringed on trademark rights.<ref name=StL>{{cite news|author=Peter Shinkle|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=June 16, 2004|at=Metro|title=Burger battle heats up in court}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.gainesville.com/article/20040602/BUSINESS/40601034 | title=Steak 'n Shake sues Burger King over use of "steakburger" phrase | work=[[The Florida Times-Union]] | date=June 2, 2004 | access-date=February 22, 2015 | agency=[[Associated Press]] | archive-date=February 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225221307/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20040602/BUSINESS/40601034 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
+(According to the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', Burger King's attorneys "grilled" Steak 'n Shake's CEO in court about the precise content of Steak 'n Shake's steakburger offering.)<ref name=StL/> The case was settled out of court.<ref>[https://advance.lexis.com/api/permalink/d90958d8-a18d-4958-8efc-cd019b8a72fd/?context=1519217  4:04cv525, Steak N Shake Company et al v. Burger King Corporation] CourtLink docket.</ref>
+===United States and Canada===
+{{See also|Cheeseburger|Chili burger|History of the hamburger in the United States}}
+[[File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Burger.jpg|thumb|right|A hamburger served in New York with [[arugula]] on a [[ciabatta]] roll]]
+[[File:A party tray of sliders at a restaurant.jpg|thumb|right|Miniature hamburgers ("[[slider (sandwich)|sliders]]")
+]]
+The hamburger is considered a national dish of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 13, 2011|title=Top 10 National Dishes -- National Geographic|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014060413/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/top-10/national-food-dishes/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 14, 2016|access-date=August 8, 2020|website=Travel|language=en}}</ref> In the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], burgers may be classified as two main types: fast food hamburgers and individually prepared burgers made in homes and [[restaurant]]s. The latter are often prepared with a variety of toppings, including [[lettuce]], [[tomato]], [[onion]], and often sliced [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]] (or pickle relish). [[French fries]] (or commonly [[Poutine]] in Canada) often accompany the burger. [[Cheese]] (usually [[processed cheese|processed cheese slices]] but often [[Cheddar cheese|Cheddar]], [[Swiss cheese (North America)|Swiss]], [[pepper jack]], or [[blue cheese|blue]]), either melted directly on the meat patty or crumbled on top, is generally an option.
+[[Condiment]]s might be added to a hamburger or may be offered separately on the side, including [[ketchup]], [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]], [[mayonnaise]], [[relish]], salad dressings and [[barbecue sauce]]. Other toppings can include [[bacon]], [[avocado]] or [[guacamole]], sliced sautéed [[Edible mushroom|mushrooms]], cheese sauce, [[chili con carne|chili]] (usually without [[bean]]s), [[fried egg]], [[scrambled egg]], [[feta cheese]], [[blue cheese]], [[salsa (sauce)|salsa]], [[pineapple]], [[jalapeño]]s and other kinds of [[chili pepper]]s, [[Anchovy (food)|anchovies]], slices of [[ham]] or [[Bologna sausage|bologna]], [[pastrami]] or [[teriyaki]]-seasoned beef, [[tartar sauce]], [[french fries]], [[onion ring]]s or [[potato chip]]s.
+* Standard hamburger toppings may depend on location, particularly at restaurants that are not national or regional franchises.
+* Restaurants may offer hamburgers with multiple meat patties. The most common variants are double and triple hamburgers, but California-based burger chain [[In-N-Out]] once sold a sandwich with one hundred patties, called a "100x100".<ref name="100x100">{{cite web|title=How Much Does A 100x100 In-N-Out Cheeseburger Cost?|url=http://robertkaplinsky.com/work/in-n-out-100-x-100/|website=Robert Kaplinsky|date=September 6, 2013 }}</ref>
+* Pastrami burgers may be served in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]].<ref>{{cite news |author=John T. Edge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/dining/29united.html |title=Pastrami Meets the Patty in Utah |work=The New York Times |date=July 29, 2009}}</ref>
+* A [[patty melt]] consists of a patty, [[sautéed]] onions and cheese between two slices of [[rye bread]]. The sandwich is then buttered and fried.
+* A [[slider (sandwich)|slider]] is a tiny square hamburger patty served on an equally small bun and usually sprinkled with diced onions. According to the earliest citations, the name originated aboard [[U.S. Navy]] ships due to how greasy burgers slid across the galley grill as the ship pitched and rolled.<ref>[http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/slider_or_slyder_mini_hamburger/ Slider or Slyder (mini-hamburger)]. ''[[Barry Popik]]'', February 14, 2008.</ref><ref>Keith Plocek (February 21, 2008). [http://blogs.houstonpress.com/eating/2008/02/sliders_rollers_and_monkey_dic.php Sliders, Rollers and Monkey Dicks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316145506/http://blogs.houstonpress.com/eating/2008/02/sliders_rollers_and_monkey_dic.php |date=March 16, 2008 }}. ''Houston Press''.</ref> Other versions claim the term "slider" originated from the hamburgers served by flight line galleys at military airfields, which were so greasy they slid right through one, or because their small size allowed them to "slide" right down the throat in one or two bites.
+* In [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], a "kubie burger" is a hamburger made with a pressed Ukrainian sausage ([[kubasa]]).<ref>The Canadian Oxford Dictionary has headwords for the Canadianisms "[[kubasa]]," "kubie" (as a [[hot dog]]), and "kubie burger," the latter two being specific to [[Alberta]].</ref>
+* A [[butter burger]], found commonly throughout [[Wisconsin]] and the upper midwest, is a normal burger with a pad of butter as a topping or a heavily buttered bun. It is the signature menu item of the restaurant chain [[Culver's]].<ref name="16_Regional_Burgers">[https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/16-regional-american-burgers-juicy-lucy-butter-burger-and-more 16 Regional American Burgers], April 7th, 2021</ref>
+* The [[Fat Boy (hamburger)|Fat Boy]] is an iconic hamburger with chili meat sauce originating in the Greek burger restaurants of [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]<ref>{{cite web|title=How the Fat Boy burger became a Winnipeg icon|publisher=CBC.ca|accessdate=May 14, 2021|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/fat-boy-burger-winnipeg-icon-1.5344645}}</ref>
+* In [[Minnesota]], a "[[Jucy Lucy|Juicy Lucy]]" (also spelled "Jucy Lucy"), is a hamburger having cheese inside the meat patty rather than on top. A piece of cheese is surrounded by raw meat and cooked until it melts, resulting in a molten core within the patty. This scalding hot cheese tends to gush out at the first bite, so servers frequently instruct customers to let the sandwich cool for a few minutes before consumption.
+* A [[low-carb]] burger is a hamburger served without a bun and replaced with large slices of lettuce, with mayonnaise or mustard being the sauces primarily used.<ref>[http://www.carlsjr.com/menu/charbroiled-burgers/the-low-carb-six-dollar-burger/ The Low Carb Six Dollar Burger | Carl's Jr. Menu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002161407/http://www.carlsjr.com/menu/charbroiled-burgers/the-low-carb-six-dollar-burger/ |date=October 2, 2010 }}. Carlsjr.com. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hardees.com/menu/indulge |title=Low Carb, Vegetarian, Gluten-Sensitive* & Low Fat Options at Hardee's |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114003438/http://www.hardees.com/menu/indulge |archive-date=January 14, 2010  }}. hardees.com</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Healthy Carb Cookbook For Dummies|first=Jan|last=McCracken|page=294|isbn=978-0-7645-8476-3|year=2005|publisher=[[For Dummies]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cEL5UVDOdJAC&q=low+carb+burger+lettuce&pg=PA294}}</ref>
+* A ramen burger, invented by Keizo Shimamoto, is a hamburger patty sandwiched between two discs of compressed ramen noodles in lieu of a traditional bun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2013/08/21/move-over-cronut-the-new-ramen-burger-has-new-yorkers-in-a-foodie-frenzy/|title=Move over, Cronut! The new Ramen Burger has New Yorkers in a foodie frenzy.|work=[[New York Post]]|date=August 21, 2013}}</ref>
+* [[Luther Burger]] is a bacon cheeseburger with two glazed doughnuts instead of buns.<ref name="16_Regional_Burgers" />
+* [[Steamed cheeseburger]] is a cheeseburger in which the burger is steamed instead of grilled. It was invented in Connecticut.<ref name="16_Regional_Burgers" />
+=== France ===
+In 2012, according to a study by the NDP cabinet, the French consume 14 hamburgers in restaurants per year per person, placing them fourth in the world and second in Europe, just behind the British.<ref>{{cite web|title=Les Français, deuxièmes plus gros consommateurs de hamburgers en Europe|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/saveurs/les-francais-deuxiemes-plus-gros-consommateurs-de-hamburgers-en-europe_1138906.html|author=Audrey Parfait|website=www.lexpress.fr|date=July 16, 2012}}.</ref>
+According to a study by Gira Conseil on the consumption of hamburgers in France in 2013, 75% of traditional French restaurants offer at least one hamburger on their menu, and for a third of these restaurants, it has become the leader in the range of dishes, ahead of rib steaks, grills or fish.<ref>{{cite web|title=Le burger détrône le sandwich jambon-beurre|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2014/02/06/1812088-le-burger-detrone-le-sandwich-jambon-beurre.html|website=www.ladepeche.fr|date=February 6, 2014}}.</ref>
+===Mexico===
+In Mexico, burgers (called ''hamburguesas'') are served with [[ham]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jeremy|last=Schwartz |title=Uncovering Mexico: Best of times, worst of times: Celebrating the 100th |url=http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/mexico/entries/2007/08/27/im_sure_youve_all_been_1.html |access-date=December 18, 2010 |newspaper=[[Statesman.com]] |date=August 27, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102102321/http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/mexico/entries/2007/08/27/im_sure_youve_all_been_1.html |archive-date=November 2, 2007 }}</ref> and slices of [[American cheese]] fried on top of the meat patty. The toppings include [[avocado]], [[jalapeño]] slices, shredded [[lettuce]], [[onion]], and [[tomato]]. The bun has [[mayonnaise]], [[ketchup]], and [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]]. [[Bacon]] may also be added, which can be fried or grilled along with the meat patty. A slice of [[pineapple]] may be added to a hamburger for a "Hawaiian hamburger".
+Some restaurants' burgers also have barbecue sauce, and others replace the ground patty with sirloin, [[Al pastor]] meat, [[barbacoa]], or fried chicken breast. Many burger chains from the [[United States]] can be found all over [[Mexico]], including [[Carl's Jr.]], [[Sonic Drive-In|Sonic]], [[McDonald's]], and [[Burger King]].
+===United Kingdom and Ireland===
+Hamburgers in the UK and Ireland are very similar to those in the US, and the same big two chains dominate the [[High Street]] as in the U.S.&nbsp;— McDonald's and Burger King. The menus offered to both countries are virtually identical, although portion sizes tend to be smaller in the UK. In Ireland, the food outlet [[Supermacs]] is widespread throughout the country, serving burgers as part of its menu. In Ireland, [[Abrakebabra]] (started out selling kebabs) and [[Eddie Rocket's]] are also major chains.
+An original and indigenous rival to the big two U.S. giants was the quintessentially British fast-food chain [[Wimpy (brand)|Wimpy]], originally known as Wimpy Bar (opened 1954 at the Lyon's Corner House in Coventry Street London), which served its hamburgers on a plate with British-style [[french fries|chips]], accompanied by [[cutlery]] and delivered to the customer's table. In the late 1970s, to compete with McDonald's,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wimpy.uk.com/moments.htm |title=Wimpy History |work=wimpy.uk.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509122138/http://www.wimpy.uk.com/moments.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2008 }}</ref> Wimpy began to open American-style counter-service restaurants, and the brand disappeared from many UK high streets when those restaurants were re-branded as Burger Kings between 1989 and 1990 by the then-owner of both brands, [[Grand Metropolitan]]. A [[management buyout]] in 1990 split the brands again, and now Wimpy table-service restaurants can still be found in many town centres, whilst new counter-service Wimpys are now often found at motorway service stations.
+Hamburgers are also available from mobile [[kiosk]]s, commonly known as "burger vans", particularly at outdoor events such as [[football (soccer)|football]] matches. Burgers from this type of outlet are usually served without any form of salad&nbsp;— only fried onions and a choice of tomato ketchup, mustard, or brown sauce.
+Chip shops, particularly in the West Midlands and North-East of England, Scotland, and Ireland, serve battered hamburgers called batter burgers. This is where the burger patty is deep-fat-fried in batter and is usually served with chips.
+Hamburgers and [[veggie burger]]s served with chips, and salad is standard [[pub grub]] menu items. Many pubs specialize in "gourmet" burgers. These are usually high-quality minced steak patties topped with things such as blue cheese, brie, avocado, anchovy mayonnaise, et cetera. Some British [[pub]]s serve burger patties made from more exotic meats, including [[venison]] burgers (sometimes nicknamed Bambi Burgers), [[bison]] burgers, [[ostrich]] burgers, and in some Australian-themed pubs even [[Kangaroo meat|kangaroo]] burgers can be purchased. These burgers are served similarly to the traditional hamburger but are sometimes served with a different sauce, including redcurrant sauce, mint sauce, and plum sauce.
+In the early 21st century, "premium" hamburger chains and independent restaurants have arisen, selling burgers produced from meat stated to be of high quality and often [[Organic food|organic]], usually served to eat on the premises rather than to take away.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/Story/0,,1676523,00.html|title=Camembert with that, sir? | location=London | first=Josh| last=Lacey | date=January 2, 2006 | access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> Chains include [[Gourmet Burger Kitchen]], Ultimate Burger, Hamburger Union and Byron Hamburgers in London. Independent restaurants such as Meatmarket and Dirty Burger developed a style of rich, juicy burger in 2012 which is known as a ''dirty burger'' or ''third-wave burger''.<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://lostincatering.com/lostincatering/london_dining_trends.html |chapter=Third Wave Burgers |title=London Menu Trends 2012 |publisher=LostinCatering |access-date=September 28, 2012 |archive-date=September 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924030250/http://www.lostincatering.com/lostincatering/london_dining_trends.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+In recent years [[Rustlers (convenience food)|Rustlers]] has sold pre-cooked hamburgers reheatable in a [[microwave oven]] in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web| title=Rustler's Microwave Quarterpounder 190g| url=http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/groceries/index.jsp?bmUID=1272223297835| work=sainsburys.co.uk| access-date=April 25, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001134541/http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/groceries/index.jsp?bmUID=1272223297835| archive-date=October 1, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>
+In the UK, as in North America and [[Japan]], the term "burger" can refer simply to the patty, be it beef, some other kind of meat, or vegetarian.
+===Australia and New Zealand===
+[[File:Hamburger in New Zealand.jpg|thumb|right|This hamburger in a fast food restaurant in [[Auckland]], New Zealand, contains [[beetroot]] for flavor.]]
+Fast food franchises sell American-style fast-food hamburgers in Australia and New Zealand. The traditional [[Australasia]]n hamburgers are usually bought from [[fish and chip shop]]s or milk bars rather than from chain restaurants. These traditional hamburgers are becoming less common as older-style fast food outlets decrease in number. The hamburger meat is almost always ground beef, or "mince", as it is more commonly referred to in Australia and New Zealand. They commonly include tomato, lettuce, grilled onion, and meat as minimum—in this form, known in Australia as a "plain hamburger", which often also includes a slice of beetroot—and, optionally, can include cheese, [[beetroot]], pineapple, a fried egg, and bacon. If all these optional ingredients are included, it is known in Australia as a "burger with the lot".<ref>{{cite news
+|title=Fed: Tough to swallow inflationary hamburgers
+|work=Australian Associated Press General News
+|publisher=[[Australian Associated Press]]
+|date=July 26, 2006
+}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
+|first=Donna|last=Hay
+|title=The new burger
+|work=[[Sunday Herald Sun]]
+|publisher=[[The Herald and Weekly Times]]
+|date=November 24, 2002
+}}</ref>
+In Australia and New Zealand, as in the United Kingdom, the word ''sandwich'' is generally reserved for two ''slices'' of bread (from a loaf) with fillings in between them – unlike in American English where a ''sandwich'' is fillings between two pieces of any kind of bread, not only slices of bread – as such ''burgers'' are not generally considered to be ''sandwiches''.<ref name="Unilever">{{Cite web|title=Recipes for tasty, crunchy & saucy American style sandwiches|url=https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au/chef-inspiration/trends-on-plate/americana/pick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209073308/https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.au/chef-inspiration/trends-on-plate/americana/pick-it-up-and-shove-it-in.html|archive-date=2022-02-09|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Unilever Food Solutions|language=en-AU|quote=Expect a blank look if you're in the States and ask for a chicken burger 'cause they ain't got a clue what the hell you're talking about... It's just what we call burgers, which Americans call sandwiches...}}</ref> The term ''burger'' is applied to any cut bun with a hot filling, even when the filling does not contain beef, such as a chicken burger (generally with chicken breast rather than chicken mince), salmon burger, pulled pork burger, veggie burger, etc.
+The only variance between the two countries' hamburgers is that New Zealand's equivalent to "The Lot" often contains a steak (beef). The condiments regularly used are barbecue sauce and [[Tomato sauce#Australia, New Zealand and South Africa|tomato sauce]]. The traditional Australasian hamburger never includes mayonnaise. The [[McDonald's]] "McOz" Burger is partway between American and Australian style burgers, having beetroot and tomato in an otherwise typical American burger; however, it is no longer a part of the menu. Likewise, McDonald's in New Zealand created a [[Kiwiburger]], similar to a Quarter Pounder, but features salad, beetroot, and a fried egg. The [[Hungry Jack's]] ([[Burger King]]) "Aussie Burger" has tomato, lettuce, onion, cheese, bacon, beetroot, egg, ketchup, and a meat patty, while adding pineapple is an upcharge. It is essentially a "Burger with the lot" but uses the standard HJ circular breakfast Egg rather than the fully fried egg used by local fish shops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hungryjacks.com.au/menu |title=Hungry Jack's menu |access-date=March 10, 2012}}</ref>
+===China===
+[[File:Roujiamo, La Taverne de Zhao, Paris 17 September 2016.jpg|thumb|right|{{transliteration|zh|[[Roujiamo]]}}, the "Chinese hamburger"]]
+In China, due to the branding of their sandwiches by [[McDonald's]] and [[KFC]] restaurants in China, the word "burger" ({{lang|zh|汉堡}}) refers to all sandwiches that consist of two pieces of bun and a meat patty in between. This has led to confusion when Chinese nationals try to order sandwiches with meat fillings other than beef in fast-food restaurants in North America.<ref name="Sohu-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/161318777_224814|title=汉堡和三明治有什么区别?强力科普这些外来词!|date=August 1, 2017|website=Sohu}}</ref>
+A popular Chinese [[street food]], known as {{transliteration|zh|[[roujiamo]]}} ({{lang|zh|肉夹馍}}), consists of meat (most commonly pork) sandwiched between two buns. {{transliteration|zh|Roujiamo}} has been called the "Chinese hamburger".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewoksoflife.com/chinese-hamburgers-rou-jia-mo/|title=Chinese Hamburger, Rou Jia Mo 肉夹馍|date=March 4, 2017|website=The Woks of Life|language=en-US|access-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref> Since the sandwich dates back to the [[Qin dynasty]] (221–206 BC) and fits the aforementioned Chinese word for burger, Chinese media have claimed that the hamburger was invented in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eater.com/2015/4/14/8414083/china-claims-it-invented-hamburger-burger|title=China Brazenly Claims it Invented the Hamburger|last=Shah|first=Khushbu|date=April 14, 2015|website=Eater|language=en|access-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-are-chinese-hamburger_n_7020056|title=The World's First Hamburger Comes From Where?|date=April 8, 2015|website=HuffPost|access-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Sohu-2017" />
+===Japan===
+[[File:MOS Kaisen01.JPG|thumb|right|[[MOS Burger]] [[rice burger]]]]
+In Japan, hamburgers can be served in a bun, called {{nihongo||ハンバーガー|hanbāgā}}, or just the patties served without a bun, known as {{nihongo||ハンバーグ|hanbāgu}} or "hamburg", short for "hamburg steak".
+''[[Hamburg steak]]s'' (served without buns) are similar to what are known as [[Salisbury steak]]s in the US. They are made from minced beef, pork, or a blend of the two mixed with minced onions, eggs, breadcrumbs, and spices. They are served with [[brown sauce]] (or [[demi-glace]] in restaurants) with vegetable or salad sides, or occasionally in [[Japanese curry|Japanese curries]]. Hamburgers may be served in casual, western-style suburban restaurant chains known in Japan as "[[casual dining|family restaurants]]".
+Hamburgers in buns are predominantly the domain of fast food chains. Japan has homegrown hamburger chain restaurants such as [[MOS Burger]], [[First Kitchen]], and [[Freshness Burger]]. Local varieties of burgers served in Japan include [[teriyaki]] burgers, {{transliteration|ja|katsu}} burgers (containing {{transliteration|ja|[[tonkatsu]]}}) and burgers containing shrimp {{transliteration|ja|[[korokke]]}}. Some of the more unusual examples include the [[rice burger]], where the bun is made of rice, and the luxury 1,000-yen (US$10) "Takumi Burger" (meaning "artisan taste"), featuring [[avocado]]s, freshly grated [[wasabi]], and other rare seasonal ingredients. In terms of the actual patty, there are burgers made with [[Kobe beef]], butchered from cows that are fed with beer and massaged daily. McDonald's Japan also recently{{when|date=December 2021}} launched a McPork burger made with US [[pork]]. McDonald's has been gradually losing market share in Japan to these local hamburger chains due partly to the preference of Japanese diners for fresh ingredients and more refined, "upscale" hamburger offerings.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ideaforesight: Upscale, modern fast food | url=http://ideaforesight.wordpress.com/2010/07/11/upscale-modern-fast-food/|work=ideaforesight's blog| date=July 11, 2010}}</ref>
+=== Denmark ===
+[[File:Danish Beef Sandwich.JPG|thumb|The modern Danish bøfsandwich]]
+In Denmark, the hamburger was introduced in 1949, though it was called the [[bøfsandwich]]. There are many variations. While the original bøfsandwich was simply a generic meat patty containing a mix of beef and horse meat, with slightly different garnish (mustard, ketchup, and soft onions), it has continued to evolve. Today, a bøfsandwich usually contains a beef patty, pickled cucumber, raw, pickled, fried or soft onions, pickled red beets, mustard, ketchup, [[Remoulade#Danish remoulade|remoulade]], and perhaps most strikingly, is often overflowing with brown gravy, which is sometimes even poured on top of the assembled bøfsandwich. The original bøfsandwich is still on the menu at the same restaurant from which it originated in 1949, now run by the original owner's grandson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Danmarks første bøfsandwich fylder 70|url=https://www.mynewsdesk.com/dk/dyrehavsbakken/pressreleases/danmarks-foerste-boefsandwich-fylder-70-2862780|access-date=2021-03-10|website=Mynewsdesk|language=da|archive-date=July 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726144557/https://www.mynewsdesk.com/dk/dyrehavsbakken/pressreleases/danmarks-foerste-boefsandwich-fylder-70-2862780|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+Following the popularity of the bøfsandwich, many variations sprung up, using different types of meat instead of the beef patty. One variation, the [[flæskestegssandwich]], grew especially popular. This variation replaces the minced beef patty with slices of pork loin or belly and typically uses sweet-and-sour pickled red cabbage, mayonnaise, mustard, and pork rinds as garnish.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flæskestegssandwich {{!}} Vores opskrift på den bedste flæskestegssandwich|url=https://meyers.dk/opskrifter/flaeskestegssandwich/p/71518/|access-date=2021-03-10|website=meyers.dk}}</ref>
+Today, the bøfsandwich, flæskestegssandwich, and their many variations co-exist with the more typical hamburger, with the opening of the first Burger King restaurant in 1977 popularizing the original dish in Denmark. Many local, high-end burger restaurants dot the major cities, including [[Popl (restaurant)|Popl]], an offshoot of [[Noma (restaurant)|Noma]].
+===East Asia===
+[[File:Bulgogi burger 2.jpg|thumb|left|Korean-style bulgogi burger]]
+[[Rice burger]]s mentioned above are also available in several East Asian countries such as Taiwan and South Korea. [[Lotteria]] is a big hamburger franchise in Japan owned by the South Korean [[Lotte (conglomerate)|Lotte]] group, with outlets also in China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan. In addition to selling beef hamburgers, they have hamburgers made from squid, pork, tofu, and shrimp. Variations available in South Korea include [[Bulgogi]] burgers and [[Kimchi]] burgers.
+[[File:Taiwan McDonald's chicken rice burger 20050218.jpg|thumb|Chicken burger with rice bun (sold in Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, Macao, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore). Note that the "bun" is composed of cooked rice.]]
+In the Philippines, a wide range of major U.S. fast-food franchises are well represented, together with local imitators, often amended to the local palate. The chain [[McDonald's]] (locally nicknamed "McDo") has a range of burger and chicken dishes often accompanied by plain [[steamed rice]] or French fries. The Philippines boasts its own burger chain called [[Jollibee]], which offers burger meals and chicken, including a signature burger called "Champ". Jollibee now has several outlets in the United States, the Middle East, and East Asia.
+===India===
+[[File:Vada pav, bombay, maharastra- DSC 0025.jpg|thumb|left|[[Vada pav]] or "Indian Burger" is made of potatoes and spices.]]
+In India, burgers are usually made from chicken or vegetable patties due to cultural beliefs against eating beef (which stem from [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religious practice) and pork (which stems from [[Islamic]] religious practice). Because of this, most fast food chains and restaurants in India do not serve beef. McDonald's in India, for instance, does not serve beef, offering the "Maharaja Mac" instead of the Big Mac, substituting the beef patties with chicken. Another version of the Indian vegetarian burger is the [[wada pav]], consisting of a deep-fried potato patty dipped in gram flour batter. It is usually served with mint chutney and fried green chili. Another alternative is the "Buff Burger", made with buffalo meat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lbb.in/pune/best-burgers-pune/|title=Bite Into 11 Of The Best Burgers In Pune|website=LBB}}</ref>
+===Pakistan===
+In Pakistan, apart from American fast food chains, burgers can be found in stalls near shopping areas, the best known being the "shami burger". This is made from "shami kebab", made by mixing lentils and minced lamb.<ref>[http://en.recidemia.com/wiki/Arouk Fried lamb burger recipe on Recidemia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114150802/http://en.recidemia.com/wiki/Arouk |date=January 14, 2013 }}. En.recidemia.com (July 15, 2012). Retrieved on April 21, 2013.</ref> Onions, scrambled eggs, and ketchup are the most popular toppings.
+===Malaysia===
+In Malaysia, there are 300 McDonald's restaurants. The menu in Malaysia also includes eggs and fried chicken on top of regular burgers. Burgers are also easily found at nearby mobile kiosks, especially [[Ramly Burger]].
+===Mongolia===
+In Mongolia, a recent fast food craze due to the sudden influx of foreign influence has led to the prominence of the hamburger. Specialized fast food restaurants serving to Mongolian tastes have sprung up and seen great success.
+[[File:Beef Burger In Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.jpg|thumb|right|[[Beef|Beef burger]] with [[fried egg]], [[cabbage]] and some [[french fries]] in [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Malaysia]]]]
+===Turkey===
+In Turkey, in addition to the internationally familiar offerings, numerous localized variants of the hamburger may be found, such as the Islak Burger ({{lit|Wet-Burger}}), which is a beef slider doused in seasoned tomato sauce and steamed inside a special glass chamber, and has its origins in the Turkish fast food retailer Kizilkayalar. Other variations include lamb burgers and [[offal]]-burgers, which are offered by local fast food businesses and global chains alike, such as McDonald's and [[Burger King]]. Most burger shops have also adopted a pizzeria-like approach to home delivery, and almost all major fast food chains deliver.
+===Yugoslavia and Serbia===
+In the former Yugoslavia, and originally in Serbia, there is a local version of the hamburger known as the ''[[pljeskavica]]''. It is often served as a patty but may also have a bun.
+===Belgium and Netherlands===
+Throughout Belgium and in some eateries in the Netherlands, a Bicky Burger is sold that combines pork, chicken, and horse meat.<ref name="Steves2015">{{cite book|last1=Steves|first1=Rick|title=Rick Steves Belgium: Bruges, Brussels, Antwerp & Ghent|date=2015|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=978-1631210655}}</ref><ref name="Smith2008">{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Andrew F.|title=Hamburger a global history|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901|url-access=registration|date=2008|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1861896315|chapter=The Global Burger}}</ref> The hamburger, usually fried, is served between a bun, sprinkled with sesame seeds. It often comes with a specific ''Bickysaus'' (Bicky dressing) made with mayonnaise, mustard, cabbage, and onion.<ref name="Steves2015" />
+==Unusual hamburgers==
+* In May 2012, Serendipity 3 was recognized as the [[Guinness World Records]] holder for serving the world's most expensive hamburger, the $295 Le Burger Extravagant.<ref>
+{{cite news
+  | title = Serendipity 3 - Burger Weekly
+  | work = Burger Weekly
+  | date = June 12, 2013
+| url = http://www.burgerweekly.com/serendipity-3
+  | access-date = October 8, 2013}}</ref>
+* At $499, the world's largest hamburger commercially available weighs {{convert|185.8|lb|kg}} and is sold at [[Mallie's Sports Grill & Bar]] in [[Southgate, Michigan]]. Called the "Absolutely Ridiculous Burger", it takes about 12 hours to prepare. It was cooked and adjudicated on May 30, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available/blog/334882/7691.html?b= |title=Largest hamburger commercially available |work=guinnessworldrecords.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607045816/http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Largest-hamburger-commercially-available/blog/334882/7691.html?b= |archive-date=June 7, 2009 }}</ref>
+* A $777 [[Kobe beef]] and [[American lobster|Maine lobster]] burger, topped with caramelized onion, Brie cheese, and prosciutto, was reported available at Le Burger Brasserie, inside the [[Paris Las Vegas]] casino.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Forbes |url=http://www.forbestraveler.com/food-drink/best-burgers-2009-story.html? |title=10 Most Expensive Hamburgers |first=Neal |last=Ungerleider |date=June 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612034104/http://www.forbestraveler.com/food-drink/best-burgers-2009-story.html |archive-date=June 12, 2009  }}</ref>
+* On August 5, 2013, the first hamburger grown with cow cells outside a living animal was served. It was the result of a $300,000 research project into [[cultured meat]], led by Mark Post at [[Maastricht University]] and sponsored by Google's co-founder [[Sergey Brin]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23576143|title=World's first lab-grown burger is eaten in London|publisher=BBC|date=August 5, 2013|access-date=August 5, 2013}}</ref>
+==Slang==
+* "[[$100 hamburger]]" ("hundred-dollar hamburger") is aviation slang for a [[general aviation]] pilot needing an excuse to fly. A $100 hamburger trip typically involves flying a short distance (less than two hours), eating at an airport restaurant, and flying home.<ref>Matthew Preusch (October 26, 2007). [http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/travel/escapes/26burger.html?pagewanted=all&_moc.semityn.levart Cleared for Lunching: The $100 Hamburger]. NY Times.</ref>
+==See also==
+{{Portal|Food|United States|}}
+{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
+* [[Patty]]
+* [[Cheeseburger]]
+* [[Chicken sandwich]]
+* [[Chicken nugget]]
+* [[French fries]]
+* [[Frikadelle]]
+* [[Frikandel]]
+* [[Kofta]]
+* [[Bun kebab]]
+* [[Hamburg steak]]
+* [[Hot dog]]
+* [[List of hamburgers]]
+* [[List of hamburger restaurants]]
+* [[List of sandwiches]]
+* [[Meat grinder]]
+* [[Pljeskavica]]{{Spaced ndash}}a traditional [[Balkan]] meal
+* [[Salisbury steak]]
+* [[Steak tartare]]
+* {{annotated link|Sloppy joe}}
+* [[Steak sandwich]]
+{{Div col end}}
+==References==
+{{Reflist|30em}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Beth |year=2004 |title=Great American Classics Cookbook |url=https://archive.org/details/goodhousekeeping0000unse_i5a8 |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Hearst Books |isbn=978-1-58816-280-9}}
+* {{Cite book |editor-last=Barber |editor-first=Katherine |year=2004 |title=The Canadian Oxford Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/canadianoxforddi0000unse_f6g8 |url-access=registration |edition=Second |location=Toronto |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-541816-6}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Edge |first=John T. |year=2005 |title=Hamburgers & Fries: An American Story |url=https://archive.org/details/hamburgersfriesa00edge |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |isbn=978-0-399-15274-0 }} History and origins of the hamburger.
+* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Andrew |year=2008 |title=Hamburger: A Global History |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901/ |location=London |publisher=Reaktion Books |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781861893901/page/128 128] |isbn=978-1-86189-390-1 |url-access=registration}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Trager |first=James |year=1997 |title=The Food Chronology: A Food Lover's Compendium of Events and Anecdotes, from Prehistory to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/foodchronologyfo0000trag |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Aurum Press |isbn=978-0-8050-5247-3}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Volger |first=Lukas |year=2010 |title=Veggie Burgers Every Which Day: Fresh, Flavorful and Healthy Vegan and Vegetarian Burgers—Plus Toppings, Sides, Buns and More |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_vWCwAAQBAJ |location=New York |publisher=The Experiment |isbn=978-1-61519-019-5}}
+==External links==
+{{Spoken Wikipedia|Hamburger.ogg|date=2019-8-19}}
+* {{Commons category-inline|Hamburgers}}
+* {{Wiktionary-inline}}
+* {{cookbook-inline}}
+{{Hamburgers}}
+{{Sandwiches}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[Category:American sandwiches]]
+[[Category:Culture in Hamburg]]
+[[Category:Fast food]]
+[[Category:German cuisine]]
+[[Category:German-American cuisine]]
+[[Category:Hamburgers (food)| ]]
+[[Category:National dishes]]
+[[Category:German sandwiches]]
+[[Category:Hot sandwiches]]
+[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
 == '''Early Life''' ==