Americans
Americans are the citizens and nationals of the United States of America.The United States is home to people of many racial and ethnic origins; consequently, American law does not equate nationality with race or ethnicity but with citizenship.[1][2][3][4]
The majority of Americans or their ancestors immigrated to the United States or are descended from people who were Atlantic slave trade as slaves within the past five centuries, with the exception of the Native American population and people from Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Texas, and formerly the Philippines,
Racial and ethnic groups
The United States is a diverse country, both racially and ethnically.[5] Six races are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes: Alaska Native and American Indian, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, White, and people of two or more races. "Some other race" is also an option in the census and other surveys.[6][7][8]
The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino", which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as a racially diverse ethnicity that comprises the largest minority group in the nation.[6][7][8]
White and European Americans
People of European descent, or White Americans (also referred to as European Americans and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 61.6% of the population in the 2020 United States census.Of the foreign-born population from Europe (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.[9]
The Spaniards were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565.[10] Martín de Argüelles, born in 1566 in San Agustín, La Florida then a part of New Spain, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States. Virginia Dare, born in 1587 in Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the original Thirteen Colonies to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1521.
In the 2020 United States census, English Americans 46.5 million (19.8%), German Americans 45m (19.1%), Irish Americans 38.6m (16.4%), and Italian Americans 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the population.[11] However, the English Americans and British Americans demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "Americans" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the 1990 census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the Upland South, a region that was settled historically by the British.[12][13][14][15][16][17]
Overall, as the largest group, European Americans have the lowest poverty rate[18] and the second highest educational attainment levels, median household income,[19] and median personal income[20] of any racial demographic in the nation, second only to Asian Americans in the latter three categories.
References
- ↑ "Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337". https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341.
- ↑ "Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772". https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3.
- ↑ "Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition". https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/.
- ↑ "The American Diaspora".
- ↑ "Our Diverse Population: Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity". Office of Management and Budget. https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Grieco, Elizabeth M; Rachel C. Cassidy. "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "U.S. Census website". 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/.
- ↑ "The Foreign Born Population in the United States: 2010". https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf.
- ↑ "A Spanish Expedition Established St. Augustine in Florida". Library of Congress. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_augustin_1.html.
- ↑ "Census Bureau Releases 2020 Census Population for More Than 200 New Detailed Race and Ethnicity Groups". September 21, 2023. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-race-overview.html.
- ↑ Ethnic Landscapes of America – By John A. Cross
- ↑ Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2 – By United States. Bureau of the Census
- ↑ Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America By Dominic J. Pulera.
- ↑ Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', Demography, Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.
- ↑ Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', Social Science Research, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.
- ↑ Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.
- ↑ "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004". https://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf.
- ↑ "Median household income newsbrief, US Census Bureau 2005". https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/005647.html.
- ↑ "US Census Bureau, Personal income for Asian Americans, age 25+, 2006". http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_008.htm.