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'''Americans''' are the [[Citizenship of the United States|citizens]] and [[United States nationality law|nationals]] of the [[United States|United States of America]].The United States is home to [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|people of many racial and ethnic origins]]; consequently, [[Law of the United States|American law]] does not equate [[nationality]] with [[Race (human categorization)|race]] or [[ethnicity]] but with citizenship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341 |title=Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337}}</ref>

'''Americans''' are the [[Citizenship of the United States|citizens]] and [[United States nationality law|nationals]] of the [[United States|United States of America]].The United States is home to [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|people of many racial and ethnic origins]]; consequently, [[Law of the United States|American law]] does not equate [[nationality]] with [[Race (human categorization)|race]] or [[ethnicity]] but with citizenship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341 |title=Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |title=Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition |url=https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The American Diaspora |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)]]}}</ref>

* {{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |title=Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772 |page=779 n.3 |date=February 25, 2009 |work=U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas |quote=The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.' |access-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214920/https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition |url=https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/ |publisher=USLegal |access-date=October 1, 2018 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025124037/https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Citizen">* {{cite book |author1=Christine Barbour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31 |title=Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials |author2=Gerald C Wright |date=January 15, 2013 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-4522-4003-9 |pages=31–33 |quote=Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens |access-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31 |url-status=live }}

* {{cite book |last=Shklar |first=Judith N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3 |title=American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1991 |isbn=9780674022164 |series=The Tanner Lectures on Human Values |pages=3–4 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3 |url-status=live }}

* {{cite journal |last1=Slotkin |first1=Richard |year=2001 |title=Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8 |journal=American Literary History |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=469–498 |doi=10.1093/alh/13.3.469 |jstor=3054557 |s2cid=143996198 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |quote=But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging. |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313183514/https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8 |url-status=live }}

* {{cite book |last1=Eder |first1=Klaus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25 |title=European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects |last2=Giesen |first2=Bernhard |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780199241200 |pages=25–26 |quote=In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094947/https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25 |url-status=live }}

* {{cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |title=Concepts of Ethnicity |last2=Novak |first2=Michael |last3=Gleason |first3=Philip |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |isbn=9780674157262 |page=62 |quote=To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}

* {{cite book |author1=Charles Hirschman |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char |title=The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience |author2=Philip Kasinitz |author3=Josh Dewind |date=November 4, 1999 |publisher=Russell Sage Foundation |isbn=978-1-61044-289-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char/page/300 300] |url-access=registration }}

* {{cite book |author=David Halle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233 |title=America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners |date=July 15, 1987 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31366-5 |page=233 |quote=The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government. |access-date=October 16, 2015 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053712/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |title=Concepts of Ethnicity |last2=Novak |first2=Michael |last3=Gleason |first3=Philip |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |isbn=9780674157262 |page=62 |quote=...from Thomas Paine's plea in 1783...to Henry Clay's remark in 1815... "It is hard for us to believe ... how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing American character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants." ... To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}</ref> The U.S. has 37 [[American ancestries|ancestry groups]] with more than one million individuals.<ref name="An2000">{{cite web|title=Ancestry 2000|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf|date=June 2004|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url-status=live|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf|archive-date=December 4, 2004|access-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref> [[White Americans]] with ancestry from Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa form the largest [[race (human classification)|racial]] and [[ethnic group]] at 61.6% of the U.S. population.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html | title=The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf|year=2009|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf|archive-date=December 25, 2012|access-date=February 11, 2017}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the American population. [[African Americans|Black Americans]] constitute the country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.4% of the total U.S. population.<ref name="An2000" /> [[Asian Americans]] are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 6% of the American population. The country's 3.7 million [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] account for about 1.1%,<ref name="An2000" /> and some 574 native tribes are recognized by the federal government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities {{!}} USAGov |url=https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=www.usa.gov |language=en}}</ref> In addition to the U.S., people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the [[American diaspora]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Growing Trend of Leaving America |author=Jay Tolson |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=July 28, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment-employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million, a range whose low end is based loosely on the government's trial count in 1999. |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023170519/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |title=6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries. |author= |publisher=Association of Americans Resident Overseas |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=The total is the highest released to date: close to 6.32 million. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013957/http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The American Diaspora |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=September 26, 2008 |publisher=Hurst Communications, Inc. |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U. S. citizens living overseas is between three and six million, based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999—and never updated. |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103233148/http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The majority of Americans or their ancestors [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated]] to the United States or are descended from people who were [[Atlantic slave trade|brought]] as [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] within the past five centuries, with the exception of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population and people from [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], [[Texas]], and formerly the [[Philippines]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Lifshey|first=Adam|title=Subversions of the American Century: Filipino Literature in Spanish and the Transpacific Transformation of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-05293-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22the+status+of+filipinos+in+the+philippines+as+american+nationals%22&pg=PA119 119]|quote=the status of Filipinos in the Philippines as American nationals existed from 1900 to 1946|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=September 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160538/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|author=Rick Baldoz|title=The Third Asiatic Invasion: Empire and Migration in Filipino America, 1898–1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|date=28 February 2011|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9109-7|page=174|quote=Recalling earlier debates surrounding Filipinos' naturalization status in the United States, he pointed out that U.S. courts had definitively recognized that Filipinos were American "nationals" and not "aliens".|access-date=May 28, 2018|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923060630/https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |url=https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html |title=8 FAM 302.5 Special Citizenship Provisions Regarding the Philippines |author= |date=15 May 2020 |website=Foreign Affairs Manual |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=9 Jun 2020 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719010406/https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who became American through expansion of the country in the 19th century;<ref>Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). ''The New American Democracy''. London: Longman, p. 97. {{ISBN|0-321-07058-5}};</ref> additionally, [[American Samoa]], the [[United States Virgin Islands]], and [[Northern Mariana Islands]] came under American sovereignty in the 20th century, although American Samoans are only nationals and not citizens of the United States.<ref>U.S. Census Bureau. [https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html Foreign-Born Population Frequently asked Questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117174325/https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html |date=November 17, 2015 }} viewed January 19, 2015. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the terms native and native born to refer to anyone born in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands.</ref><ref name="American Somoans">* {{cite news |date=March 28, 2018 |title=U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721 |access-date=2018-10-01 |archive-date=September 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928134312/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721 |url-status=live }}

* {{cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Moises |date=October 11, 2014 |title=How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship |access-date=2018-08-24 |publisher=[[Public Radio International]] |archive-date=April 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401190852/https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship |url-status=live }}</ref>

Despite its multi-ethnic composition,<ref name="DD">Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''[[iarchive:dealingwithdiver0000adam|Dealing with Diversity]]''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. {{ISBN|0-7872-8145-X}}.</ref><ref name="Society in Focus">Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston: Pearson. {{ISBN|0-205-41365-X}}.</ref> the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream [[Culture of the United States|American culture]], a [[Western culture]] largely derived from the traditions of [[Northern Europe|Northern]] and [[Western Europe]]an colonists, settlers, and immigrants.<ref name="DD"/> It also includes significant influences of [[African-American culture]].<ref>Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). ''Africanisms in American Culture'', 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. {{ISBN|0-253-34479-4}}. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). ''Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States''. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. {{ISBN|0-8039-5912-5}}.</ref> Westward expansion integrated the [[Louisiana Creole people|Creoles]] and [[Cajuns]] of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the [[culture of Mexico]]. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southern Europe]] introduced a variety of new customs. Immigration from [[Africa]], [[History of Asian American immigration|Asia]], and [[Latin America]] has also had impact. A cultural [[melting pot]], or pluralistic [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|salad bowl]], describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.<ref name="DD"/>

The majority of Americans or their ancestors [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated]] to the United States or are descended from people who were [[Atlantic slave trade]] as [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] within the past five centuries, with the exception of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population and people from [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], [[Texas]], and formerly the [[Philippines]],

==Racial and ethnic groups==

~~{{Main|Race and ethnicity in the United States}}~~

~~{{bar box~~

|title= 2020 U.S. census<ref name="2020CensusBreakdown">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity |title=A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data |author= |date=August 13, 2021 |website=NPR |publisher= |access-date= |quote= |archive-date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202152607/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity |url-status=live }}</ref>

~~|titlebar=#ddd~~

~~|left1='''Self-identified race and ethnicity'''~~

~~|right1='''Percent of population'''~~

~~|float=right~~

~~|bars=~~

~~{{bar percent|[[whites| White Americans]] (mainly European Americans, but also includes Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans)|Blue|61.6}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino Americans]] (mainly Hispanic Americans, but also includes Brazilian Americans)|Blue|18.7}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[African Americans|Black or African Americans]] (Sub-Saharan African Americans)|Blue|12.4}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[Asian Americans|Asian or Asian Americans]] (East Asian Americans, Southeast Asian Americans, and South Asian Americans)|Blue|5.9}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous Americans (including Alaska Natives)]]|Blue|0.7}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders]]|Blue|0.2}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]]|Blue|4.1}}~~

~~{{bar percent|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some other race]]|Blue|0.5}}~~

~~{{bar percent|'''Total'''|Navy|'''100.0'''}}~~

}}

The United States is a [[Multiculturalism|diverse]] country, both [[Race (human categorization)|racially]] and [[Ethnicity|ethnically]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf |title=Our Diverse Population: Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=July 15, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715050055/https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Six races]] are officially recognized by the [[United States Census Bureau]] for statistical purposes: Alaska Native and American Indian, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, White, and people of two or more races. "Some other race" is also an option in the census and other surveys.<ref name="Standards">{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html |title=Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity |access-date=May 5, 2008 |publisher=[[Office of Management and Budget]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315191301/https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html |archive-date=March 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Overview">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf |title=Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 |access-date=January 2, 2015 |last=Grieco |first=Elizabeth M |author2=Rachel C. Cassidy |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410133330/https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=PEPT3race08>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |title=U.S. Census website |work=2008 Population Estimates |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=February 28, 2010 |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino", which identifies [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] as a racially diverse ''[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|ethnicity]]'' that comprises the largest minority group in the nation.<ref name="Standards"/><ref name="Overview"/><ref name="PEPT3race08"/>

===White and European Americans===

== White and European Americans ==

[[File:Largest white alone or in any combination group by county in the United States. US Census 2020.jpg|thumb|275px|European ancestry in the United States by county (self-reported) in 2020]]

People of [[Europe]]an descent, or White Americans (also referred to as [[European Americans]] and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 61.6% of the population in the [[2020 United States census]].~~{{efn|~~Of the foreign-born population from [[Europe]] (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.<ref name="fbpACS2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf |title=The Foreign Born Population in the United States: 2010 |last1=Grieco |first1=Elizabeth M. |last2=Acosta |first2=Yesenia D. |last3=de la Cruz |first3=G. Patricia |last4=Gamino |first4=Christina |last5=Gryn |first5=Thomas |last6=Larsen |first6=Luke J. |last7=Trevelyan |first7=Edward N. |last8=Walters |first8=Nathan P. |date=May 2012 |website=American Community Survey Reports |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209224630/http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf |archive-date=February 9, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>}}<ref name=c2010>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/redistricting-supplementary-tables/redistricting-supplementary-table-02.pdf |title=Percentage of Population and Percent Change by Race: 2010 and 2020 |access-date=September 20, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |date=March 2011 |author=Karen R. Humes |author2=Nicholas A. Jones |author3=Roberto R. Ramirez |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813224122/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/redistricting-supplementary-tables/redistricting-supplementary-table-02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TWP2010">{{cite web |author=Lindsay Hixson |author2=Bradford B. Hepler |author3=Myoung Ouk Kim |date=September 2011 |title=The White Population: 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-05.pdf |access-date=November 20, 2012 |work=United States Census Bureau |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930074513/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-05.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.<ref name=c2010 /> [[Non-Hispanic Whites]], which only account for 57.8% of the population, are the majority in 45 states. There are five [[minority-majority state]]s: [[California]], [[Texas]], [[New Mexico]], [[Nevada]], and [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. whites will soon be the minority in number, but not power – Baltimore Sun|periodical=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-0809-minority-majority-20170808-story.html|access-date=2018-01-21|archive-date=August 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200616/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-0809-minority-majority-20170808-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna8902484 |title=Minority population surging in Texas |date=August 18, 2005 |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231232030/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8902484/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] and the five inhabited [[Territories of the United States|U.S. territories]] have a non-white majority.<ref name=c2010 /> The state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is [[Maine]], while the state with the lowest percentage is [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html |title=Most Children Younger Than Age 1 are Minorities, Census Bureau Reports |last1=Bernstein |first1=Robert |date=May 17, 2012 |work=United States Census Bureau |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |access-date=December 16, 2012 |archive-date=May 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518211419/https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

People of [[Europe]]an descent, or White Americans (also referred to as [[European Americans]] and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331 million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 61.6% of the population in the [[2020 United States census]].Of the foreign-born population from [[Europe]] (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.<ref name="fbpACS2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf |title=The Foreign Born Population in the United States: 2010}}</ref>

Europe is the largest continent that Americans trace their ancestry to, and many claim descent from various [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European ethnic groups]].<ref>Ohio State University. Diversity Dictionary. 2006. September 4, 2006. [http://www.osu.edu/diversity/dictionary.php OSU.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620101442/http://www.osu.edu/diversity/dictionary.php |date=June 20, 2008 }}</ref>

The [[Spaniards]] were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565.<ref name=loc>{{cite web |url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_augustin_1.html |title=A Spanish Expedition Established St. Augustine in Florida |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=March 27, 2009 |archive-date=October 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010022552/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_augustin_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Martín de Argüelles]], born in 1566 in [[St. Augustine, Florida|San Agustín, La Florida]] then a part of [[New Spain]], was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States.<ref>{{cite book|author=D. H. Figueredo|title=Latino Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWX5d27NkFgC&pg=PT35|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-34154-0|page=35|access-date=October 16, 2015|archive-date=September 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160602/https://books.google.com/books?id=TWX5d27NkFgC&pg=PT35|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Virginia Dare]], born in 1587 in [[Roanoke Island]] in present-day [[North Carolina]], was the first child born in the original [[Thirteen Colonies]] to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], in 1521.

[[Martín de Argüelles]], born in 1566 in [[St. Augustine, Florida|San Agustín, La Florida]] then a part of [[New Spain]], was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States. [[Virginia Dare]], born in 1587 in [[Roanoke Island]] in present-day [[North Carolina]], was the first child born in the original [[Thirteen Colonies]] to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], in 1521.

In the 2020 United States census, [[English Americans]] 46.5 million (19.8%), [[German Americans]] 45m (19.1%), [[Irish Americans]] 38.6m (16.4%), and [[Italian Americans]] 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the population.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url= https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-race-overview.html|title= Census Bureau Releases 2020 Census Population for More Than 200 New Detailed Race and Ethnicity Groups|date= September 21, 2023|access-date= October 21, 2023}}</ref> However, the English Americans and [[British Americans]] demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "[[American ancestry|Americans]]" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the [[1990 United States census|1990]] census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the [[Upland South]], a region that was settled historically by the British.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 Ethnic Landscapes of America] ~~{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205908/https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200|date=April 4, 2023}}~~ – By John A. Cross</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6 Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2] ~~{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094950/https://books.google.com/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6|date=April 7, 2023}}~~ – By United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America] ~~{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116051127/https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57|date=January 16, 2023}}~~ By Dominic J. Pulera.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref>

In the 2020 United States census, [[English Americans]] 46.5 million (19.8%), [[German Americans]] 45m (19.1%), [[Irish Americans]] 38.6m (16.4%), and [[Italian Americans]] 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the population.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url= https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-race-overview.html|title= Census Bureau Releases 2020 Census Population for More Than 200 New Detailed Race and Ethnicity Groups|date= September 21, 2023|access-date= October 21, 2023}}</ref> However, the English Americans and [[British Americans]] demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "[[American ancestry|Americans]]" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the [[1990 United States census|1990]] census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the [[Upland South]], a region that was settled historically by the British.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 Ethnic Landscapes of America] – By John A. Cross</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6 Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2] – By United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America] By Dominic J. Pulera.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref>

Overall, as the largest group, European Americans have the lowest [[Poverty in the United States|poverty rate]]<ref name="Poverty rate">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf|title=Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the second highest [[Educational attainment in the United States#Ethnicity and race|educational attainment]] levels, median [[Household income in the United States|household income]],<ref name="Median household income newsbrief, US Census Bureau 2005">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/005647.html |title=Median household income newsbrief, US Census Bureau 2005 |access-date=September 24, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903121511/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/005647.html |archive-date=September 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> and median [[Personal income in the United States|personal income]]<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal income for Asian Americans, age 25+, 2006">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_008.htm |title=US Census Bureau, Personal income for Asian Americans, age 25+, 2006 |access-date=December 17, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929074108/http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_008.htm |archive-date=September 29, 2006 }}</ref> of any racial demographic in the nation, second only to [[Asian Americans]] in the latter three categories.

==References==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Americans''' are the [[Citizenship of the United States|citizens]] and [[United States nationality law|nationals]] of the [[United States|United States of America]].The United States is home to [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|people of many racial and ethnic origins]]; consequently, [[Law of the United States|American law]] does not equate [[nationality]] with [[Race (human categorization)|race]] or [[ethnicity]] but with citizenship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341 |title=Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337}}</ref>
+'''Americans''' are the [[Citizenship of the United States|citizens]] and [[United States nationality law|nationals]] of the [[United States|United States of America]].The United States is home to [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|people of many racial and ethnic origins]]; consequently, [[Law of the United States|American law]] does not equate [[nationality]] with [[Race (human categorization)|race]] or [[ethnicity]] but with citizenship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341 |title=Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |title=Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition |url=https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The American Diaspora |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)]]}}</ref>
-* {{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |title=Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772 |page=779 n.3 |date=February 25, 2009 |work=U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas |quote=The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.' |access-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214920/https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition |url=https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/ |publisher=USLegal |access-date=October 1, 2018 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025124037/https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Citizen">* {{cite book |author1=Christine Barbour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31 |title=Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials |author2=Gerald C Wright |date=January 15, 2013 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-4522-4003-9 |pages=31–33 |quote=Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens |access-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31 |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite book |last=Shklar |first=Judith N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3 |title=American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1991 |isbn=9780674022164 |series=The Tanner Lectures on Human Values |pages=3–4 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3 |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite journal |last1=Slotkin |first1=Richard |year=2001 |title=Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8 |journal=American Literary History |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=469–498 |doi=10.1093/alh/13.3.469 |jstor=3054557 |s2cid=143996198 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |quote=But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging. |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313183514/https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8 |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite book |last1=Eder |first1=Klaus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25 |title=European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects |last2=Giesen |first2=Bernhard |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780199241200 |pages=25–26 |quote=In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094947/https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25 |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |title=Concepts of Ethnicity |last2=Novak |first2=Michael |last3=Gleason |first3=Philip |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |isbn=9780674157262 |page=62 |quote=To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite book |author1=Charles Hirschman |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char |title=The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience |author2=Philip Kasinitz |author3=Josh Dewind |date=November 4, 1999 |publisher=Russell Sage Foundation |isbn=978-1-61044-289-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char/page/300 300] |url-access=registration }}
-* {{cite book |author=David Halle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233 |title=America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners |date=July 15, 1987 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31366-5 |page=233 |quote=The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government. |access-date=October 16, 2015 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053712/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |title=Concepts of Ethnicity |last2=Novak |first2=Michael |last3=Gleason |first3=Philip |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |isbn=9780674157262 |page=62 |quote=...from Thomas Paine's plea in 1783...to Henry Clay's remark in 1815... "It is hard for us to believe ... how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing American character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants." ... To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}</ref> The U.S. has 37 [[American ancestries|ancestry groups]] with more than one million individuals.<ref name="An2000">{{cite web|title=Ancestry 2000|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf|date=June 2004|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url-status=live|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf|archive-date=December 4, 2004|access-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref> [[White Americans]] with ancestry from Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa form the largest [[race (human classification)|racial]] and [[ethnic group]] at 61.6% of the U.S. population.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html | title=The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf|year=2009|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf|archive-date=December 25, 2012|access-date=February 11, 2017}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the American population. [[African Americans|Black Americans]] constitute the country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.4% of the total U.S. population.<ref name="An2000" /> [[Asian Americans]] are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 6% of the American population. The country's 3.7 million [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] account for about 1.1%,<ref name="An2000" /> and some 574 native tribes are recognized by the federal government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities {{!}} USAGov |url=https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=www.usa.gov |language=en}}</ref> In addition to the U.S., people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the [[American diaspora]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Growing Trend of Leaving America |author=Jay Tolson |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=July 28, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment-employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million, a range whose low end is based loosely on the government's trial count in 1999. |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023170519/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |title=6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Association of Americans Resident Overseas |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=The total is the highest released to date: close to 6.32 million. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013957/http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The American Diaspora |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=September 26, 2008 |publisher=Hurst Communications, Inc. |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U. S. citizens living overseas is between three and six million, based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999—and never updated. |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103233148/http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The majority of Americans or their ancestors [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated]] to the United States or are descended from people who were [[Atlantic slave trade|brought]] as [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] within the past five centuries, with the exception of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population and people from [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], [[Texas]], and formerly the [[Philippines]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Lifshey|first=Adam|title=Subversions of the American Century: Filipino Literature in Spanish and the Transpacific Transformation of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-05293-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22the+status+of+filipinos+in+the+philippines+as+american+nationals%22&pg=PA119 119]|quote=the status of Filipinos in the Philippines as American nationals existed from 1900 to 1946|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=September 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160538/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|author=Rick Baldoz|title=The Third Asiatic Invasion: Empire and Migration in Filipino America, 1898–1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|date=28 February 2011|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9109-7|page=174|quote=Recalling earlier debates surrounding Filipinos' naturalization status in the United States, he pointed out that U.S. courts had definitively recognized that Filipinos were American "nationals" and not "aliens".|access-date=May 28, 2018|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923060630/https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |url=https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html |title=8 FAM 302.5 Special Citizenship Provisions Regarding the Philippines |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 May 2020 |website=Foreign Affairs Manual |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=9 Jun 2020 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719010406/https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who became American through expansion of the country in the 19th century;<ref>Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). ''The New American Democracy''. London: Longman, p. 97. {{ISBN|0-321-07058-5}};</ref> additionally, [[American Samoa]], the [[United States Virgin Islands]], and [[Northern Mariana Islands]] came under American sovereignty in the 20th century, although American Samoans are only nationals and not citizens of the United States.<ref>U.S. Census Bureau. [https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html Foreign-Born Population Frequently asked Questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117174325/https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html |date=November 17, 2015 }} viewed January 19, 2015. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the terms native and native born to refer to anyone born in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands.</ref><ref name="American Somoans">* {{cite news |date=March 28, 2018 |title=U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721 |access-date=2018-10-01 |archive-date=September 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928134312/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721 |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Moises |date=October 11, 2014 |title=How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship |access-date=2018-08-24 |publisher=[[Public Radio International]] |archive-date=April 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401190852/https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Despite its multi-ethnic composition,<ref name="DD">Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''[[iarchive:dealingwithdiver0000adam|Dealing with Diversity]]''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. {{ISBN|0-7872-8145-X}}.</ref><ref name="Society in Focus">Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston: Pearson. {{ISBN|0-205-41365-X}}.</ref> the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream [[Culture of the United States|American culture]], a [[Western culture]] largely derived from the traditions of [[Northern Europe|Northern]] and [[Western Europe]]an colonists, settlers, and immigrants.<ref name="DD"/> It also includes significant influences of [[African-American culture]].<ref>Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). ''Africanisms in American Culture'', 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. {{ISBN|0-253-34479-4}}. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). ''Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States''. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. {{ISBN|0-8039-5912-5}}.</ref> Westward expansion integrated the [[Louisiana Creole people|Creoles]] and [[Cajuns]] of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the [[culture of Mexico]]. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southern Europe]] introduced a variety of new customs. Immigration from [[Africa]], [[History of Asian American immigration|Asia]], and [[Latin America]] has also had impact. A cultural [[melting pot]], or pluralistic [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|salad bowl]], describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.<ref name="DD"/>
+The majority of Americans or their ancestors [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated]] to the United States or are descended from people who were [[Atlantic slave trade]] as [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] within the past five centuries, with the exception of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population and people from [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], [[Texas]], and formerly the [[Philippines]],
 ==Racial and ethnic groups==
-{{Main|Race and ethnicity in the United States}}
-{{bar box
-|title= 2020 U.S. census<ref name="2020CensusBreakdown">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity |title=A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data |author= |date=August 13, 2021 |website=NPR |publisher= |access-date= |quote= |archive-date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202152607/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity |url-status=live }}</ref>
-|titlebar=#ddd
-|left1='''Self-identified race and ethnicity'''
-|right1='''Percent of population'''
-|float=right
-|bars=
-{{bar percent|[[whites| White Americans]] (mainly European Americans, but also includes Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans)|Blue|61.6}}
-{{bar percent|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino Americans]] (mainly Hispanic Americans, but also includes Brazilian Americans)|Blue|18.7}}
-{{bar percent|[[African Americans|Black or African Americans]] (Sub-Saharan African Americans)|Blue|12.4}}
-{{bar percent|[[Asian Americans|Asian or Asian Americans]] (East Asian Americans, Southeast Asian Americans, and South Asian Americans)|Blue|5.9}}
-{{bar percent|[[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous Americans (including Alaska Natives)]]|Blue|0.7}}
-{{bar percent|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders]]|Blue|0.2}}
-{{bar percent|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]]|Blue|4.1}}
-{{bar percent|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some other race]]|Blue|0.5}}
-{{bar percent|'''Total'''|Navy|'''100.0'''}}
-}}
 The United States is a [[Multiculturalism|diverse]] country, both [[Race (human categorization)|racially]] and [[Ethnicity|ethnically]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf |title=Our Diverse Population: Race and Hispanic Origin, 2000 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=July 15, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715050055/https://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/2000/chap16.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Six races]] are officially recognized by the [[United States Census Bureau]] for statistical purposes: Alaska Native and American Indian, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, White, and people of two or more races. "Some other race" is also an option in the census and other surveys.<ref name="Standards">{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html |title=Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity |access-date=May 5, 2008 |publisher=[[Office of Management and Budget]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315191301/https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html |archive-date=March 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Overview">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf |title=Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 |access-date=January 2, 2015 |last=Grieco |first=Elizabeth M |author2=Rachel C. Cassidy |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410133330/https://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=PEPT3race08>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |title=U.S. Census website |work=2008 Population Estimates |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=February 28, 2010 |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino", which identifies [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] as a racially diverse ''[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|ethnicity]]'' that comprises the largest minority group in the nation.<ref name="Standards"/><ref name="Overview"/><ref name="PEPT3race08"/>
-===White and European Americans===
+== White and European Americans ==
 [[File:Largest white alone or in any combination group by county in the United States. US Census 2020.jpg|thumb|275px|European ancestry in the United States by county (self-reported) in 2020]]
-People of [[Europe]]an descent, or White Americans (also referred to as [[European Americans]] and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331&nbsp;million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 61.6% of the population in the [[2020 United States census]].{{efn|Of the foreign-born population from [[Europe]] (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.<ref name="fbpACS2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf |title=The Foreign Born Population in the United States: 2010 |last1=Grieco |first1=Elizabeth M. |last2=Acosta |first2=Yesenia D. |last3=de la Cruz |first3=G. Patricia |last4=Gamino |first4=Christina |last5=Gryn |first5=Thomas |last6=Larsen |first6=Luke J. |last7=Trevelyan |first7=Edward N. |last8=Walters |first8=Nathan P. |date=May 2012 |website=American Community Survey Reports |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209224630/http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf |archive-date=February 9, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>}}<ref name=c2010>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/redistricting-supplementary-tables/redistricting-supplementary-table-02.pdf |title=Percentage of Population and Percent Change by Race: 2010 and 2020 |access-date=September 20, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |date=March 2011 |author=Karen R. Humes |author2=Nicholas A. Jones |author3=Roberto R. Ramirez |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813224122/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/redistricting-supplementary-tables/redistricting-supplementary-table-02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TWP2010">{{cite web |author=Lindsay Hixson |author2=Bradford B. Hepler |author3=Myoung Ouk Kim |date=September 2011 |title=The White Population: 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-05.pdf |access-date=November 20, 2012 |work=United States Census Bureau |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930074513/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-05.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.<ref name=c2010 /> [[Non-Hispanic Whites]], which only account for 57.8% of the population, are the majority in 45 states. There are five [[minority-majority state]]s: [[California]], [[Texas]], [[New Mexico]], [[Nevada]], and [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. whites will soon be the minority in number, but not power – Baltimore Sun|periodical=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-0809-minority-majority-20170808-story.html|access-date=2018-01-21|archive-date=August 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200616/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-0809-minority-majority-20170808-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna8902484 |title=Minority population surging in Texas |date=August 18, 2005 |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |access-date=December 7, 2009 |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231232030/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8902484/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] and the five inhabited [[Territories of the United States|U.S. territories]] have a non-white majority.<ref name=c2010 /> The state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is [[Maine]], while the state with the lowest percentage is [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html |title=Most Children Younger Than Age 1 are Minorities, Census Bureau Reports |last1=Bernstein |first1=Robert |date=May 17, 2012 |work=United States Census Bureau |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |access-date=December 16, 2012 |archive-date=May 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518211419/https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
+People of [[Europe]]an descent, or White Americans (also referred to as [[European Americans]] and Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 331&nbsp;million people living in the United States, with 191,697,647 people or 61.6% of the population in the [[2020 United States census]].Of the foreign-born population from [[Europe]] (4,817 thousand), in 2010, 61.8% were naturalized.<ref name="fbpACS2010">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acs-19.pdf |title=The Foreign Born Population in the United States: 2010}}</ref>
-Europe is the largest continent that Americans trace their ancestry to, and many claim descent from various [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European ethnic groups]].<ref>Ohio State University. Diversity Dictionary. 2006. September 4, 2006. [http://www.osu.edu/diversity/dictionary.php OSU.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620101442/http://www.osu.edu/diversity/dictionary.php |date=June 20, 2008 }}</ref>
 The [[Spaniards]] were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the continental United States in 1565.<ref name=loc>{{cite web |url=http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_augustin_1.html |title=A Spanish Expedition Established St. Augustine in Florida |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=March 27, 2009 |archive-date=October 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010022552/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_augustin_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-[[Martín de Argüelles]], born in 1566 in [[St. Augustine, Florida|San Agustín, La Florida]] then a part of [[New Spain]], was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States.<ref>{{cite book|author=D. H. Figueredo|title=Latino Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWX5d27NkFgC&pg=PT35|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-34154-0|page=35|access-date=October 16, 2015|archive-date=September 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160602/https://books.google.com/books?id=TWX5d27NkFgC&pg=PT35|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Virginia Dare]], born in 1587 in [[Roanoke Island]] in present-day [[North Carolina]], was the first child born in the original [[Thirteen Colonies]] to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], in 1521.
+[[Martín de Argüelles]], born in 1566 in [[St. Augustine, Florida|San Agustín, La Florida]] then a part of [[New Spain]], was the first person of European descent born in what is now the continental United States. [[Virginia Dare]], born in 1587 in [[Roanoke Island]] in present-day [[North Carolina]], was the first child born in the original [[Thirteen Colonies]] to English parents. The Spaniards also established a continuous presence in what over three centuries later would become a possession of the United States with the founding of the city of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], in 1521.
-In the 2020 United States census, [[English Americans]] 46.5 million (19.8%), [[German Americans]] 45m (19.1%), [[Irish Americans]] 38.6m (16.4%), and [[Italian Americans]] 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the population.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url= https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-race-overview.html|title= Census Bureau Releases 2020 Census Population for More Than 200 New Detailed Race and Ethnicity Groups|date= September 21, 2023|access-date= October 21, 2023}}</ref> However, the English Americans and [[British Americans]] demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "[[American ancestry|Americans]]" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the [[1990 United States census|1990]] census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the [[Upland South]], a region that was settled historically by the British.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 Ethnic Landscapes of America] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205908/https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200|date=April 4, 2023}} – By John A. Cross</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6 Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094950/https://books.google.com/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6|date=April 7, 2023}} – By United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116051127/https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57|date=January 16, 2023}} By Dominic J. Pulera.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref>
+In the 2020 United States census, [[English Americans]] 46.5 million (19.8%), [[German Americans]] 45m (19.1%), [[Irish Americans]] 38.6m (16.4%), and [[Italian Americans]] 16.8m (7.1%) were the four largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States constituting 62.4% of the population.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url= https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-race-overview.html|title= Census Bureau Releases 2020 Census Population for More Than 200 New Detailed Race and Ethnicity Groups|date= September 21, 2023|access-date= October 21, 2023}}</ref> However, the English Americans and [[British Americans]] demography is considered a serious under-count as they tend to self-report and identify as simply "[[American ancestry|Americans]]" (since the introduction of a new "American" category in the [[1990 United States census|1990]] census) due to the length of time they have inhabited America. This is highly over-represented in the [[Upland South]], a region that was settled historically by the British.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mCopDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 Ethnic Landscapes of America]  – By John A. Cross</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sQOJDBgBFmYC&pg=PA6 Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2]  – By United States. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVoAXh-dNuYC&pg=PA57 Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America]  By Dominic J. Pulera.</ref><ref>Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', ''Demography'', Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–6.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref>
 Overall, as the largest group, European Americans have the lowest [[Poverty in the United States|poverty rate]]<ref name="Poverty rate">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf|title=Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the second highest [[Educational attainment in the United States#Ethnicity and race|educational attainment]] levels, median [[Household income in the United States|household income]],<ref name="Median household income newsbrief, US Census Bureau 2005">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/005647.html |title=Median household income newsbrief, US Census Bureau 2005 |access-date=September 24, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903121511/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/005647.html |archive-date=September 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> and median [[Personal income in the United States|personal income]]<ref name="US Census Bureau, Personal income for Asian Americans, age 25+, 2006">{{cite web|url=http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_008.htm |title=US Census Bureau, Personal income for Asian Americans, age 25+, 2006 |access-date=December 17, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929074108/http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_008.htm |archive-date=September 29, 2006 }}</ref> of any racial demographic in the nation, second only to [[Asian Americans]] in the latter three categories.
 ==References==